Typhoon Melor (2009)

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'''Typhoon Melor''', known in the Philippines as '''Typhoon Quedan''', was a powerful typhoon that hit Japan in early October 2009, causing significant damage. As part of the [[2009 Pacific typhoon season]], Melor formed as a tropical depression on September 29 and rapidly intensified into a Category 4-equivalent typhoon just three days later. Subsequently, on October 4, Melor became the second [[Category 5 hurricane|Category 5]]-equivalent super typhoon to form in the season. During the next days, the typhoon would [[Fujiwhara effect|interact]] with [[Typhoon Parma]] southeast of [[Taiwan]], causing Parma to be almost stationary over northern [[Luzon]] and drop near-records of [[rainfall]] there. Afterwards, Melor gradually weakened in its approach to Japan, making landfall on October 7. As the storm exited Japan during the next day, it transitioned into an [[extratropical cyclone]]. The remnants of Melor were absorbed by a [[October 2009 North American storm complex|newly-formed extratropical cyclone]] near [[Alaska]], which strengthened significantly and impacted the West Coast of the United States on October 13.

'''Typhoon Melor''',{{refn|The name ''Melor'' ([[Malay language|Malay]]: melor, [[Help:IPA/Indonesian and Malay|[məˈlor]]]) was contributed by [[Malaysia]] and refers to the [[Jasminum sambac|Arabian jasmine]] (''Jasminum sambac'') in [[Malay language|Malay]].{{Cite web| title= List of names for tropical cyclones adopted by the Typhoon Committee for the western North Pacific and the South China Sea|url=https://www.jma.go.jp/jma/jma-eng/jma-center/rsmc-hp-pub-eg/tyname.html|archive-date= August 5, 2005|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20050805083712/https://www.jma.go.jp/jma/jma-eng/jma-center/rsmc-hp-pub-eg/tyname.html |access-date=April 24, 2026 |website=Japan Meteorological Agency}}|group="nb"}} known in the Philippines as '''Typhoon Quedan''', was a powerful typhoon that hit Japan in early October 2009, causing significant damage. As part of the [[2009 Pacific typhoon season]], Melor formed as a tropical depression on September 29 and rapidly intensified into a Category 4-equivalent typhoon just three days later. Subsequently, on October 4, Melor became the second [[Category 5 hurricane|Category 5]]-equivalent super typhoon to form in the season. During the next days, the typhoon would [[Fujiwhara effect|interact]] with [[Typhoon Parma]] southeast of [[Taiwan]], causing Parma to be almost stationary over northern [[Luzon]] and drop near-records of [[rainfall]] there. Afterwards, Melor gradually weakened in its approach to Japan, making landfall on October 7. As the storm exited Japan during the next day, it transitioned into an [[extratropical cyclone]]. The remnants of Melor were absorbed by a [[October 2009 North American storm complex|newly-formed extratropical cyclone]] near [[Alaska]], which strengthened significantly and impacted the West Coast of the United States on October 13.

Following the typhoon, Melor caused 3 fatalities and $1.5 billion (2009 USD) in monetary damages in Japan.

Following the typhoon, Melor caused 3 fatalities and $1.5 billion (2009 USD) in monetary damages in Japan.

==Meteorological history==

==Meteorological history==

{{storm path|Melor 2009 path.png|colors=new}}

{{storm path|Melor 2009 path.png|colors=new}}

Early on September 27, the [[Joint Typhoon Warning Center]] (JTWC) reported that an area of deep convection had persisted about 500 mi (310 km) south of the [[Kwajalein Atoll]] and was starting to consolidate around a poorly defined low level circulation center.{{cite web|publisher=[[Joint Typhoon Warning Center]] |date=2009-09-27 |accessdate=2009-10-03 |title=Significant Tropical Weather Outlook for the Western and South Pacific Oceans 2009-09-27 |url=http://metocph.nmci.navy.mil/jtwc/ab/abpwweb.txt |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090503125942/http://metocph.nmci.navy.mil/jtwc/ab/abpwweb.txt |archivedate=May 3, 2009 }} During the next day, the system gradually developed, as satellite imagery showed a low-level circulation center had begun to form. On the evening of that day, due to a [[tropical upper tropospheric trough]] (TUTT) that was providing good outflow for the system and low level vertical wind shear with a favorable environment, JTWC released a [[Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert]], noting that fragmented banding was now wrapping into the western side of the low level circulation center. Early on September 29, the [[Japan Meteorological Agency]] (JMA) upgraded the system to a tropical depression. The JTWC followed suit later that day, assigning the designation of ''20W'' to the system, despite it having a poorly defined low level circulation center.{{cite web|url=http://metocph.nmci.navy.mil/jtwc/warnings/wp9009web.txt |title=Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert 2009-09-28 23z |date=2009-09-28 |publisher=[[Joint Typhoon Warning Center]] |accessdate=2009-10-08 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5k8Y6c621?url=http://metocph.nmci.navy.mil/jtwc/warnings/wp9009web.txt |archivedate=September 28, 2009 }} Later that day, the depression's convection had improved and was now wrapping into the southern side of the low level circulation center. As a result, both the JTWC and the JMA upgraded the tropical depression to a tropical storm, with the JMA naming it as Melor. An anticyclone to the northeast of the system and an eastward outflow channel into a tropical upper tropospheric trough were providing good outflow for Melor.

Early on September 27, the [[Joint Typhoon Warning Center]] (JTWC) reported that an area of deep convection had persisted about 500 mi (310 km) south of the [[Kwajalein Atoll]] and was starting to consolidate around a poorly defined low level circulation center.{{cite web|publisher=[[Joint Typhoon Warning Center]] |date=2009-09-27 |accessdate=2009-10-03 |title=Significant Tropical Weather Outlook for the Western and South Pacific Oceans 2009-09-27 |url=http://metocph.nmci.navy.mil/jtwc/ab/abpwweb.txt |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090503125942/http://metocph.nmci.navy.mil/jtwc/ab/abpwweb.txt |archivedate=May 3, 2009 }} During the next day, the system gradually developed, as satellite imagery showed a low-level circulation center had begun to form. On the evening of that day, due to a [[tropical upper tropospheric trough]] (TUTT) that was providing good outflow for the system and low level vertical wind shear with a favorable environment, JTWC released a [[Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert]], noting that fragmented banding was now wrapping into the western side of the low level circulation center. Early on September 29, the [[Japan Meteorological Agency]] (JMA) upgraded the system to a tropical depression. The JTWC followed suit later that day, assigning the designation of ''20W'' to the system, despite it having a poorly defined low level circulation center.{{cite web|url=http://metocph.nmci.navy.mil/jtwc/warnings/wp9009web.txt |title=Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert 2009-09-28 23z |date=2009-09-28 |publisher=[[Joint Typhoon Warning Center]] |accessdate=2009-10-08 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5k8Y6c621?url=http://metocph.nmci.navy.mil/jtwc/warnings/wp9009web.txt |archivedate=September 28, 2009 }} Later that day, the depression's convection had improved and was now wrapping into the southern side of the low level circulation center. As a result, both the JTWC and the JMA upgraded the tropical depression to a tropical storm, with the JMA naming it as ''Melor''. An anticyclone to the northeast of the system and an eastward outflow channel into a tropical upper tropospheric trough were providing good outflow for Melor.

Early on October 1, intensification continued, and the JMA reported that Melor became a typhoon. By the afternoon of the same day, the JTWC followed suit and upgraded Melor into a typhoon. In just four hours, it intensified rapidly to a Category 3-equivalent typhoon, and continued to track towards northeast Luzon. Early on October 2, it strengthened to a Category 4-equivalent typhoon. After leveling out in intensity, it strengthened again on October 3. Early October 4, the JTWC reported that Melor had intensified to a Category-5 equivalent super typhoon, with JMA reporting a central pressure of 910 hPa and winds of 205 km/h. On October 5, PAGASA allocated the name Quedan to the typhoon as the storm moved into Philippine's area of responsibility. It interacted with Typhoon Parma in Parma's second landfall in the Philippines. By the midday of October 8, Melor made landfall on Japan.{{Cite web |title=台風第18号による暴風・大雨 |url=https://www.data.jma.go.jp/obd/stats/data/bosai/report/2009/20091006/20091006.html |access-date=2022-11-11 |website=www.data.jma.go.jp |publisher=[[気象庁]] |language=ja}}{{Cite web |title=2009年 台風18号 (自然災害の映像記録) |url=https://www2.nhk.or.jp/archives/311shogen/disaster_records/detail.cgi?das_id=D0010060392_00000 |access-date=2022-11-11 |website= |publisher=[[NHK]] |language=ja}} After landfall, JMA downgraded Melor into a severe tropical storm, while the JTWC downgraded it into an extratropical storm. Late on October 11, the extratropical remnants of Melor were completely absorbed by a newly formed extratropical storm to the north, near Alaska. The new extratropical storm then strengthened into a [[October 2009 North American storm complex|powerful storm]], which then began to impact the west coast of the United States, late on October 13.

Early on October 1, intensification continued, and the JMA reported that Melor became a typhoon. By the afternoon of the same day, the JTWC followed suit and upgraded Melor into a typhoon. In just four hours, it intensified rapidly to a Category 3-equivalent typhoon, and continued to track towards northeast Luzon. Early on October 2, it strengthened to a Category 4-equivalent typhoon. After leveling out in intensity, it strengthened again on October 3. Early October 4, the JTWC reported that Melor had intensified to a Category-5 equivalent super typhoon, with JMA reporting a central pressure of 910 hPa and winds of 205 km/h. On October 5, PAGASA allocated the name Quedan to the typhoon as the storm moved into Philippine's area of responsibility. It interacted with Typhoon Parma in Parma's second landfall in the Philippines. By the midday of October 8, Melor made landfall on Japan.{{Cite web |title=台風第18号による暴風・大雨 |url=https://www.data.jma.go.jp/obd/stats/data/bosai/report/2009/20091006/20091006.html |access-date=2022-11-11 |website=www.data.jma.go.jp |publisher=[[気象庁]] |language=ja}}{{Cite web |title=2009年 台風18号 (自然災害の映像記録) |url=https://www2.nhk.or.jp/archives/311shogen/disaster_records/detail.cgi?das_id=D0010060392_00000 |access-date=2022-11-11 |website= |publisher=[[NHK]] |language=ja}} After landfall, JMA downgraded Melor into a severe tropical storm, while the JTWC downgraded it into an extratropical storm. Late on October 11, the extratropical remnants of Melor were completely absorbed by a newly formed extratropical storm to the north, near Alaska. The new extratropical storm then strengthened into a [[October 2009 North American storm complex|powerful storm]], which then began to impact the west coast of the United States, late on October 13.

*[[Typhoon Vongfong (2014)]]

*[[Typhoon Vongfong (2014)]]

*[[Typhoon Choi-wan (2009)]]

*[[Typhoon Choi-wan (2009)]]

==Notes==

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==References==

==References==