Transhumance

=== Italy ===

=== Italy ===

{{main|Transumanza}}

{{main|Transumanza}}

{{Unreferenced section|date=July 2022}}

[[File:Transumanza a Dobbiaco 2017 - 06.jpg|thumb|Transhumance in [[Toblach]], [[South Tyrol]]]]

[[File:Transumanza a Dobbiaco 2017 - 06.jpg|thumb|Transhumance in [[Toblach]], [[South Tyrol]]]]

In Italy this ancient custom took root mainly starting from the Abruzzo Apennines, extending both towards the Tuscan and Lazio Maremma (the remains of an ancient drove road are found near a ford of the Tiber, between Fiano Romano and Passo Corese north of Rome) and especially towards the [[Tavoliere delle Puglie|Tavoliere]] [[Tavoliere delle Puglie|delle Puglie]].{{Cite book |last=Quilici Gigli |first=Stefania |title=Il Tevere e le altre vie d'acqua del Lazio antico : settimo Incontro di studio del Comitato per l'archeologia laziale |publisher=Consiglio nazionale delle ricerche |year=1986 |location=Rome |pages=80}}{{Cite web |title=I tratturi, vie della transumanza in Puglia e nella Murgia |url=https://www.cicloamici.it/tratturi.htm |access-date=2026-04-23 |website=www.cicloamici.it}} It involves transporting large herds from the mountains of Abruzzo and [[Molise]] to the rich pastures of the Maremma and the Tavoliere. In the south, in particular, the economic importance of this activity was such that it was managed by two specific institutions of the Kingdom of Naples: the Royal Customs of the Sheep Drive, headquartered in Lucera and then in Foggia, and the Doganella of Abruzzo.{{Cite web |title=Transumanza: la storia |url=https://www.transumanzaamatrice.it/PAG/ItStoria.htm |access-date=2026-04-23 |website=www.transumanzaamatrice.it}}

In Southern Italy, the practice of driving herds to hilly pasture in summer was also known in some parts of the regions l{{Clarify timeframe|date=July 2021}} and has had a long-documented history until the 1950s and 1960s with the advent of alternative road transport. [[Drovers' road]]s, or {{lang|it|tratturi}}, up to {{convert|100|m|ft|0}} wide and more than {{convert|100|km|mi}} long, permitted the passage and grazing of herds, principally sheep, and attracted regulation by law and the establishment of a mounted police force as far back as the 17th century. The tratturi remain public property and subject to conservation by the law protecting cultural heritage. The [[Molise]] region candidates the tratturi to the [[UNESCO]] as a world heritage.

In Southern Italy, the practice of driving herds to hilly pasture in summer was also known in some parts of the regions l and has had a long-documented history until the 1950s and 1960s with the advent of alternative road transport.{{Cite web |title=Storia {{!}} Abruzzopedia – L'Abruzzo in rete |url=http://www.abruzzopedia.com/storia |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120622224704/http://www.abruzzopedia.com/storia |archive-date=2012-06-22 |access-date=2026-04-23 |website=www.abruzzopedia.com |language=it}} [[Drovers' road]]s, or {{lang|it|tratturi}}, up to {{convert|100|m|ft|0}} wide and more than {{convert|100|km|mi}} long, permitted the passage and grazing of herds, principally sheep, and attracted regulation by law and the establishment of a mounted police force as far back as the 17th century. The tratturi remain public property and subject to conservation by the law protecting cultural heritage. The [[Molise]] region candidates the tratturi to the [[UNESCO]] as a world heritage.{{cite web|url=http://www.irpinia.info/sito/towns/zungoli/tratturo.htm|title=Regio Tratturo|website=Irpinia info|language=Italian}}

=== Spain ===

=== Spain ===

{{main|Mesta}}

{{main|Mesta}}

{{Unreferenced section|date=July 2021}}

{{Unreferenced section|date=July 2021}}

[[File:Principales vias pecuarias.png|thumb|Main transhumance routes in Spain]]

[[File:Principales vias pecuarias.png|thumb|Main transhumance routes in Spain]]

=== Scandinavian Peninsula ===

=== Scandinavian Peninsula ===

{{main|no:Seter|no:Støl}}

{{main|no:Seter|no:Støl}}

[[File:Seter.jpg|thumb|A {{lang|no|seter}} in [[Gudbrandsdal]], Norway. Above the [[tree line]] in the mountains, it is used as a dwelling for those who accompany livestock to summer pasture.]]

[[File:Seter.jpg|thumb|A {{lang|no|seter}} in [[Gudbrandsdal]], Norway. Above the [[tree line]] in the mountains, it is used as a dwelling for those who accompany livestock to summer pasture.]]

In Scandinavia, transhumance is practised to a certain extent; however, livestock are transported between pastures by motorised vehicles, changing the character of the movement. The [[Sami people]] practice transhumance with [[reindeer]] by a different system than is described immediately below.

In Scandinavia, transhumance is practised to a certain extent; however, livestock are transported between pastures by motorised vehicles, changing the character of the movement. The [[Sami people]] practice transhumance with [[reindeer]] by a different system than is described immediately below.