Tractor beam

==Physics==

==Physics==

[[File:WaterTractorBeam.webm|thumb|Water tractor beam]]

[[File:WaterTractorBeam.webm|thumb|Water tractor beam]]

A [[Force field (technology)|force field]] confined to a [[collimated beam]] with clean borders is one of the principal characteristics of tractor and repulsor beams.{{Cite web|url=http://108.59.0.28/encyclopedia/index.php/Tractor_beam|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200809155209/http://108.59.0.28/encyclopedia/index.php/Tractor_beam|archive-date=August 9, 2020|title=Tractor beam, a hypothetical device|website=Academic Kids|access-date=27 October 2019}} Several theories that have predicted that repulsive effects do not fall within the category of tractor and repulsor beams because of the absence of field collimation.{{citation needed|date=July 2024}} For example,{{clarify|date=July 2024|problem=This does not seem to be an example of what is stated in the preceding sentence.}} [[Robert L. Forward]] of [[HRL Laboratories|Hughes Research Laboratories]] showed that general relativity theory allowed the generation of a very brief impulse of a gravity-like repulsive force along the axis of a helical torus containing accelerated [[condensed matter]].Forward, R. L.. (1961, September 11). Practical anti-gravity still far off. ''Missiles and Rockets'', '''9'''(11), 28–31, 35.{{cite journal | doi = 10.1119/1.1969340 | last1 = Forward | first1 = Robert L.| date = 1963 | title = March. Guidelines to antigravity | journal = American Journal of Physics | volume = 31 | issue = 3| pages = 166–170 | bibcode=1963AmJPh..31..166F}} The mainstream scientific community has accepted Forward's work.{{citation needed|date=July 2024}}

A [[Force field (technology)|force field]] confined to a [[collimated beam]] with clean borders is one of the principal characteristics of tractor and repulsor beams.{{Cite web|url=http://108.59.0.28/encyclopedia/index.php/Tractor_beam|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200809155209/http://108.59.0.28/encyclopedia/index.php/Tractor_beam|archive-date=August 9, 2020|title=Tractor beam, a hypothetical device|website=Academic Kids|access-date=27 October 2019}} Several theories have predicted that repulsive effects do not fall within the category of tractor and repulsor beams because of the absence of field collimation.{{citation needed|date=July 2024}} For example,{{clarify|date=July 2024|problem=This does not seem to be an example of what is stated in the preceding sentence.}} [[Robert L. Forward]] of [[HRL Laboratories|Hughes Research Laboratories]] showed that general relativity theory allowed the generation of a very brief impulse of a gravity-like repulsive force along the axis of a helical torus containing accelerated [[condensed matter]].Forward, R. L.. (1961, September 11). Practical anti-gravity still far off. ''Missiles and Rockets'', '''9'''(11), 28–31, 35.{{cite journal | doi = 10.1119/1.1969340 | last1 = Forward | first1 = Robert L.| date = 1963 | title = March. Guidelines to antigravity | journal = American Journal of Physics | volume = 31 | issue = 3| pages = 166–170 | bibcode=1963AmJPh..31..166F}} The mainstream scientific community has accepted Forward's work.{{citation needed|date=July 2024}}

A variant of [[Burkhard Heim]]'s theory by Walter Dröscher, Institut für Grenzgebiete der Wissenschaft (IGW), Innsbruck, Austria, and Jocham Häuser, University of Applied Sciences and CLE GmbH, Salzgitter, Germany, predicted a repulsive force field of gravitophotons could be produced by a ring rotating above a very strong magnetic field.{{cite journal|last1=Dröscher|first1=Walter|author-link1=Walter Dröscher|last2=Häuser|first2=Jochem|date=July 2004|title=Guidelines for a Space Propulsion Device based on Heim's Quantum Theory|journal=[[AIAA Journal]]|publisher=[[American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics]]|id=AIAA 2004–3700|doi=10.2514/6.2004-3700|isbn=978-1-62410-037-6 }} Paper presented at the meeting of the 40th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit, Fort Lauderdale, Florida. This work was named the 2004 AIAA Best Paper by the AIAA Nuclear and Future Flight Technical Committee. Heim's theory, and its variants, have been treated by the mainstream scientific community as fringe physics. But the works by Forward, Dröscher, and Häuser could not be considered as a form of repulsor- or tractor-beam because the predicted impulses and field effects were not confined to a well-defined, collimated region.{{citation needed|date=July 2024}}

A variant of [[Burkhard Heim]]'s theory by Walter Dröscher, Institut für Grenzgebiete der Wissenschaft (IGW), Innsbruck, Austria, and Jocham Häuser, University of Applied Sciences and CLE GmbH, Salzgitter, Germany, predicted a repulsive force field of gravitophotons could be produced by a ring rotating above a very strong magnetic field.{{cite journal|last1=Dröscher|first1=Walter|author-link1=Walter Dröscher|last2=Häuser|first2=Jochem|date=July 2004|title=Guidelines for a Space Propulsion Device based on Heim's Quantum Theory|journal=[[AIAA Journal]]|publisher=[[American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics]]|id=AIAA 2004–3700|doi=10.2514/6.2004-3700|isbn=978-1-62410-037-6 }} Paper presented at the meeting of the 40th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit, Fort Lauderdale, Florida. This work was named the 2004 AIAA Best Paper by the AIAA Nuclear and Future Flight Technical Committee. Heim's theory, and its variants, have been treated by the mainstream scientific community as fringe physics. But the works by Forward, Dröscher, and Häuser could not be considered as a form of repulsor- or tractor-beam because the predicted impulses and field effects were not confined to a well-defined, collimated region.{{citation needed|date=July 2024}}