Titan submersible implosion

Titan submersible implosion

The Titan submersible: "the UW", not "UW"

← Previous revision Revision as of 21:35, 22 April 2026
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''Titan'' could move at as much as {{convert|3|knot|lk=in}} using four electric thrusters, arrayed two horizontal and two vertical.{{cite web |title=Titan 5-Person Submersible {{!}} 4,000 meters |url=https://oceangate.com/pdf/oceangate-titan-specs-lr.pdf |access-date=20 June 2023 |publisher=[[OceanGate]] |archive-date=22 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230622095039/https://oceangate.com/pdf/oceangate-titan-specs-lr.pdf |url-status=live }} Its steering controls consisted of a [[Logitech F710]] wireless [[game controller]] with modified longer [[analog stick]]s resembling traditional [[joystick]]s. The University of Washington's Applied Physics Laboratory assisted with the control design on the ''Cyclops 1'' using a [[DualShock 3]] video game controller, which was carried over to ''Titan'', substituting with the Logitech controller.{{cite AV media |title= OceanGate and UW APL Design Manned Submersible |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DqT2wPlJkN8 |via=YouTube |publisher=OceanGate Archive}} The use of [[commercial off-the-shelf]] game controllers is common for remote-controlled vehicles such as [[unmanned aerial vehicle]]s or [[bomb disposal robot]]s,{{cite news |last=Tassi |first=Paul |date=20 June 2023 |title=The Missing Titanic Submarine Was Using A $30 Video Game Controller |work=[[Forbes]] |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/paultassi/2023/06/20/the-missing-titanic-submarine-was-using-a-30-video-game-controller/ |access-date=20 June 2023 |archive-date=28 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230628152852/https://www.forbes.com/sites/paultassi/2023/06/20/the-missing-titanic-submarine-was-using-a-30-video-game-controller/ |url-status=live}}{{cite news |last=Gault |first=Matthew |date=20 June 2023 |title=Why Did the Missing Titanic Sub Use a $40 Video Game Controller? |work=[[Vice (magazine)|VICE]] |url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/why-did-the-missing-titanic-sub-use-a-dollar40-video-game-controller/ |url-status=live |access-date=20 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230620174337/https://www.vice.com/en/article/bvjjqq/why-did-the-missing-titanic-sub-use-a-dollar40-video-game-controller |archive-date=20 June 2023 |quote=Gamepads are so good at controlling things, that the U.S. military frequently uses them.}}{{cite news |last=Gach |first=Ethan |date=20 June 2023 |title=Why The Missing Titanic Tourist Sub Has Everyone Talking About A Cheap Old Gaming Controller |work=[[Kotaku]] |url=https://kotaku.com/titanic-submarine-missing-logitech-controller-oceangate-1850555699 |url-status=live |access-date=20 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230620150822/https://kotaku.com/titanic-submarine-missing-logitech-controller-oceangate-1850555699 |archive-date=20 June 2023 |quote=The Titan was shown to be operated with a Logitech G Wireless Gamepad F710 at times in the past}} while the [[United States Navy]] uses [[Xbox 360 controller]]s to control [[periscopes]] in {{sclass|Virginia|submarine}}s.{{Cite news |last=Andrews |first=Travis M. |date=25 September 2017 |title=The Navy's adding a new piece of equipment to nuclear submarines: Xbox controllers |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2017/09/25/the-navys-adding-a-new-piece-of-a-equipment-to-nuclear-submarines-xbox-controllers/ |newspaper=The Washington Post |access-date=28 June 2023 |archive-date=25 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210125063616/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2017/09/25/the-navys-adding-a-new-piece-of-a-equipment-to-nuclear-submarines-xbox-controllers/ |url-status=live}}
''Titan'' could move at as much as {{convert|3|knot|lk=in}} using four electric thrusters, arrayed two horizontal and two vertical.{{cite web |title=Titan 5-Person Submersible {{!}} 4,000 meters |url=https://oceangate.com/pdf/oceangate-titan-specs-lr.pdf |access-date=20 June 2023 |publisher=[[OceanGate]] |archive-date=22 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230622095039/https://oceangate.com/pdf/oceangate-titan-specs-lr.pdf |url-status=live }} Its steering controls consisted of a [[Logitech F710]] wireless [[game controller]] with modified longer [[analog stick]]s resembling traditional [[joystick]]s. The University of Washington's Applied Physics Laboratory assisted with the control design on the ''Cyclops 1'' using a [[DualShock 3]] video game controller, which was carried over to ''Titan'', substituting with the Logitech controller.{{cite AV media |title= OceanGate and UW APL Design Manned Submersible |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DqT2wPlJkN8 |via=YouTube |publisher=OceanGate Archive}} The use of [[commercial off-the-shelf]] game controllers is common for remote-controlled vehicles such as [[unmanned aerial vehicle]]s or [[bomb disposal robot]]s,{{cite news |last=Tassi |first=Paul |date=20 June 2023 |title=The Missing Titanic Submarine Was Using A $30 Video Game Controller |work=[[Forbes]] |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/paultassi/2023/06/20/the-missing-titanic-submarine-was-using-a-30-video-game-controller/ |access-date=20 June 2023 |archive-date=28 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230628152852/https://www.forbes.com/sites/paultassi/2023/06/20/the-missing-titanic-submarine-was-using-a-30-video-game-controller/ |url-status=live}}{{cite news |last=Gault |first=Matthew |date=20 June 2023 |title=Why Did the Missing Titanic Sub Use a $40 Video Game Controller? |work=[[Vice (magazine)|VICE]] |url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/why-did-the-missing-titanic-sub-use-a-dollar40-video-game-controller/ |url-status=live |access-date=20 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230620174337/https://www.vice.com/en/article/bvjjqq/why-did-the-missing-titanic-sub-use-a-dollar40-video-game-controller |archive-date=20 June 2023 |quote=Gamepads are so good at controlling things, that the U.S. military frequently uses them.}}{{cite news |last=Gach |first=Ethan |date=20 June 2023 |title=Why The Missing Titanic Tourist Sub Has Everyone Talking About A Cheap Old Gaming Controller |work=[[Kotaku]] |url=https://kotaku.com/titanic-submarine-missing-logitech-controller-oceangate-1850555699 |url-status=live |access-date=20 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230620150822/https://kotaku.com/titanic-submarine-missing-logitech-controller-oceangate-1850555699 |archive-date=20 June 2023 |quote=The Titan was shown to be operated with a Logitech G Wireless Gamepad F710 at times in the past}} while the [[United States Navy]] uses [[Xbox 360 controller]]s to control [[periscopes]] in {{sclass|Virginia|submarine}}s.{{Cite news |last=Andrews |first=Travis M. |date=25 September 2017 |title=The Navy's adding a new piece of equipment to nuclear submarines: Xbox controllers |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2017/09/25/the-navys-adding-a-new-piece-of-a-equipment-to-nuclear-submarines-xbox-controllers/ |newspaper=The Washington Post |access-date=28 June 2023 |archive-date=25 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210125063616/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2017/09/25/the-navys-adding-a-new-piece-of-a-equipment-to-nuclear-submarines-xbox-controllers/ |url-status=live}}


OceanGate claimed on its website {{As of|2023|lc=y}} that ''Titan'' was "designed and engineered by OceanGate Inc. in collaboration [with] experts from [[NASA]], [[Boeing]], and the [[University of Washington]]" (UW). A {{frac|1|3}}-scale model of the ''Cyclops 2'' pressure vessel was built and tested at the Applied Physics Laboratory (APL) at UW; the model was able to sustain a pressure of {{convert|4285|psi|MPa atm}}, corresponding to a depth of about {{cvt|3000|m}}.{{cite web |url=https://apl.uw.edu/project/projects/oceangate/pdfs/oceangate_script_01.pdf |title=Cyclops Next Gen: New Hull Design and Testing |publisher=Applied Physics Laboratory, University of Washington |access-date=20 June 2023 |archive-date=22 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230622135743/https://apl.uw.edu/project/projects/oceangate/pdfs/oceangate_script_01.pdf |url-status=live}} After the disappearance of ''Titan'' in 2023, these earlier associates disclaimed involvement with the Titan project. UW claimed the APL had no involvement in the "design, engineering, or testing of the ''Titan'' submersible". A Boeing spokesperson also claimed Boeing "was not a partner on ''Titan'' and did not design or build it". A NASA spokesperson said that NASA's [[Marshall Space Flight Center]] had a [[Space Act Agreement]] with OceanGate, but "did not conduct testing and manufacturing via its workforce or facilities".{{cite news |last1=Mayor |first1=Grace |title=Boeing and University of Washington deny OceanGate's claim that they helped design the lost Titan sub |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/boeing-university-of-washington-deny-helping-design-oceangate-titan-submersible-2023-6 |access-date=22 June 2023 |work=Business Insider |date=22 June 2022 |archive-date=28 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230628151838/https://www.businessinsider.com/boeing-university-of-washington-deny-helping-design-oceangate-titan-submersible-2023-6 |url-status=live}}
OceanGate claimed on its website {{As of|2023|lc=y}} that ''Titan'' was "designed and engineered by OceanGate Inc. in collaboration [with] experts from [[NASA]], [[Boeing]], and the [[University of Washington]]" (UW). A {{frac|1|3}}-scale model of the ''Cyclops 2'' pressure vessel was built and tested at the Applied Physics Laboratory (APL) at the UW; the model was able to sustain a pressure of {{convert|4285|psi|MPa atm}}, corresponding to a depth of about {{cvt|3000|m}}.{{cite web |url=https://apl.uw.edu/project/projects/oceangate/pdfs/oceangate_script_01.pdf |title=Cyclops Next Gen: New Hull Design and Testing |publisher=Applied Physics Laboratory, University of Washington |access-date=20 June 2023 |archive-date=22 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230622135743/https://apl.uw.edu/project/projects/oceangate/pdfs/oceangate_script_01.pdf |url-status=live}} After the disappearance of ''Titan'' in 2023, these earlier associates disclaimed involvement with the Titan project. The UW claimed the APL had no involvement in the "design, engineering, or testing of the ''Titan'' submersible". A Boeing spokesperson also claimed Boeing "was not a partner on ''Titan'' and did not design or build it". A NASA spokesperson said that NASA's [[Marshall Space Flight Center]] had a [[Space Act Agreement]] with OceanGate, but "did not conduct testing and manufacturing via its workforce or facilities".{{cite news |last1=Mayor |first1=Grace |title=Boeing and University of Washington deny OceanGate's claim that they helped design the lost Titan sub |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/boeing-university-of-washington-deny-helping-design-oceangate-titan-submersible-2023-6 |access-date=22 June 2023 |work=Business Insider |date=22 June 2022 |archive-date=28 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230628151838/https://www.businessinsider.com/boeing-university-of-washington-deny-helping-design-oceangate-titan-submersible-2023-6 |url-status=live}}


It was designed and developed originally in partnership with UW and Boeing, both of which put forth numerous design recommendations and rigorous testing requirements, which Rush ignored, despite prior tests at lower depths resulting in implosions at UW's lab. The partnerships dissolved as Rush refused to work within quality standards.{{Cite magazine |last=Harris |first=Mark |title=The Titan Submersible Disaster Shocked the World. The Inside Story Is More Disturbing Than Anyone Imagined |url=https://www.wired.com/story/titan-submersible-disaster-inside-story-oceangate-files/ |access-date=2024-06-11 |magazine=Wired |language=en-US |archive-date=11 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240611132441/https://www.wired.com/story/titan-submersible-disaster-inside-story-oceangate-files/ |url-status=live }}
It was designed and developed originally in partnership with the UW and Boeing, both of which put forth numerous design recommendations and rigorous testing requirements, which Rush ignored, despite prior tests at lower depths resulting in implosions at the UW's lab. The partnerships dissolved as Rush refused to work within quality standards.{{Cite magazine |last=Harris |first=Mark |title=The Titan Submersible Disaster Shocked the World. The Inside Story Is More Disturbing Than Anyone Imagined |url=https://www.wired.com/story/titan-submersible-disaster-inside-story-oceangate-files/ |access-date=2024-06-11 |magazine=Wired |language=en-US |archive-date=11 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240611132441/https://www.wired.com/story/titan-submersible-disaster-inside-story-oceangate-files/ |url-status=live }}


According to OceanGate, the vessel contained monitoring systems to continuously monitor the strength of the [[Hull (watercraft)|hull]]. The vessel had life support for five people for 96 hours. [[GPS]] signals cannot be received underwater; instead, the support ship and ''Titan'' used an [[ultra-short baseline]] (USBL) acoustic positioning system to determine their relative distance and bearing. The same system could be used to send very short text messages between the two craft.{{r|USCGReport|pp=22-23,195}}
According to OceanGate, the vessel contained monitoring systems to continuously monitor the strength of the [[Hull (watercraft)|hull]]. The vessel had life support for five people for 96 hours. [[GPS]] signals cannot be received underwater; instead, the support ship and ''Titan'' used an [[ultra-short baseline]] (USBL) acoustic positioning system to determine their relative distance and bearing. The same system could be used to send very short text messages between the two craft.{{r|USCGReport|pp=22-23,195}}