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'''Thumri''' ({{IPA|hi|ˈʈʰʊmɾiː|lang}}) is a vocal [[Music genre|genre]] or style of [[Music of India|Indian music]].[{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/art/South-Asian-arts|title=South Asian arts – Musical forms and instruments|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en|access-date=September 1, 2020|quote=The thumri is another North Indian vocal form and is based...}}][{{Cite web|url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/international/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/thumri|title=Thumri {{!}} Encyclopedia.com|website=www.encyclopedia.com|access-date=September 1, 2020}}] The term derives from the [[Bhojpuri language|Bhojpuri]] verb ''thumak'', which describes a rhythmic, dancing walk that makes ankle-bells jingle. The form is thus connected with dance, dramatic gestures, mild eroticism, and evocative love poetry and folk songs (especially from [[Uttar Pradesh]].)[{{Cite book|title=Hindustani Music|last=Ranade|first=Ashok Da.|publisher=National Book Trust, India|year=1997|isbn=81-237-2199-4|location=India|pages=66}}] |
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'''Thumri''' ({{IPA|hi|ˈʈʰʊmɾiː|lang}}) is a vocal [[Music genre|genre]] or style of [[Music of India|Indian music]].[{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/art/South-Asian-arts|title=South Asian arts – Musical forms and instruments|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en|access-date=September 1, 2020|quote=The thumri is another North Indian vocal form and is based...}}][{{Cite web|url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/international/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/thumri|title=Thumri {{!}} Encyclopedia.com|website=www.encyclopedia.com|access-date=September 1, 2020}}] The term derives from the Hindustani verb ''thumak'', which describes a rhythmic, dancing walk that makes ankle-bells jingle. The form is thus connected with dance, dramatic gestures, mild eroticism, and evocative love poetry and folk songs (especially from [[Awadh]] region of [[Uttar Pradesh]].)[{{Cite book|title=Hindustani Music|last=Ranade|first=Ashok Da.|publisher=National Book Trust, India|year=1997|isbn=81-237-2199-4|location=India|pages=66}}] |
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The texts range from the romantic to the devotional, often layering both, with lyrics typically composed in [[Awadhi language|Awadhi]], [[Bhojpuri language|Bhojpuri]], or [[Brij Bhasha]].[{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JFfVAAAAMAAJ&q=%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80+%E0%A4%A0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80 |title=Bhāratīya sāhitya |date=1973 |publisher=Agra University. K.M. Institute of Hindi Studies and Linguistics. |language=hi}}][{{Cite book |last=Manuel |first=Peter |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PlNShmx3x68C&dq=Thumri+Bhojpuri&pg=PA4 |title=Ṭhumrī in Historical and Stylistic Perspectives |date=1989 |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Publ. |isbn=978-81-208-0673-3 |language=en}}] Thumri is defined by this sensuality, and a melodic flexibility that allows the performer to venture beyond the raga’s strict structure to heighten emotional expression ([[Rasa (aesthetics)|rasa]]). |
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The texts range from the romantic to the devotional, often layering both, with lyrics typically composed in [[Awadhi language|Awadhi]], [[Bhojpuri language|Bhojpuri]], or [[Brij Bhasha]].[{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JFfVAAAAMAAJ&q=%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80+%E0%A4%A0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80 |title=Bhāratīya sāhitya |date=1973 |publisher=Agra University. K.M. Institute of Hindi Studies and Linguistics. |language=hi}}][{{Cite book |last=Manuel |first=Peter |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PlNShmx3x68C&dq=Thumri+Bhojpuri&pg=PA4 |title=Ṭhumrī in Historical and Stylistic Perspectives |date=1989 |publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Publ. |isbn=978-81-208-0673-3 |language=en}}] Thumri is defined by this sensuality, and a melodic flexibility that allows the performer to venture beyond the raga’s strict structure to heighten emotional expression ([[Rasa (aesthetics)|rasa]]). |
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