Territorial evolution of Canada

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!scope="row"|July 15, 1870

!scope="row"|July 15, 1870

|The United Kingdom transferred most of its remaining land in North America to Canada, with the [[North-Western Territory]] and [[Rupert's Land]] becoming the [[North-West Territories]].{{efn|The new borders of Canada were, from the existing Canada-United States border at the [[Pigeon River (Minnesota–Ontario)|Pigeon River]]: up the [[Boundary Waters]] to the [[Rainy River (Minnesota–Ontario)|Rainy River]] and the [[northwest angle]] of the [[Lake of the Woods]]; south to [[49th parallel north|49° north]]; west to the ridge of the [[Rocky Mountains]]; north along that to [[120th meridian west|120° west]]; north to [[60th parallel north|60° north]]; west to the [[Alaska boundary dispute|disputed]] border with the United States described as the "summit of the mountains parallel to the coast"; north along that to [[141st meridian west|141° west]]; then north to the [[Arctic Ocean]]. The border then followed the coastline, leaving it to include the half of [[Baffin Bay]] within the [[Hudson Bay]] watershed, then back to the mainland; it then ran down the "Coasts of Labrador", the extent of which were disputed, until it reached the existing Canada–Newfoundland border at [[Blanc-Sablon, Quebec|Blanc-Sablon]].{{cite book |author=Van Zandt, Franklin K. |year=1976 |url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_skxAAAAAIAAJ |title=Boundaries of the United States and the Several States: With Miscellaneous Geographic Information Concerning Areas, Altitudes, and Geographic Centers |location=Washington, D.C. |publisher=[[U.S. Government Printing Office]] |oclc=69426475 | pages=[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_skxAAAAAIAAJ/page/n23 14]–15}}{{cite web | url=https://www.canada.ca/en/canadian-heritage/services/history-canada.html | title=History of Canada | date=15 August 2017 | publisher=Government of Canada | access-date=April 1, 2019 | archive-date=April 1, 2019 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190401152540/https://www.canada.ca/en/canadian-heritage/services/history-canada.html | url-status=live }}}} The British government made the transfer after Canada and the Hudson's Bay Company agreed to the terms, including a payment of £300,000 from Canada to the Company.{{cite wikisource |title=Rupert's Land and North-Western Territory Order|date=June 23, 1870}}

|The United Kingdom transferred most of its remaining land in North America to Canada, with the [[North-Western Territory]] and [[Rupert's Land]] becoming the [[North-West Territories]].{{efn|The new borders of Canada were, from the existing Canada-United States border at the [[Pigeon River (Minnesota–Ontario)|Pigeon River]]: up the [[Boundary Waters]] to the [[Rainy River (Minnesota–Ontario)|Rainy River]] and the [[northwest angle]] of the [[Lake of the Woods]]; south to [[49th parallel north|49° north]]; west to the ridge of the [[Rocky Mountains]]; north along that to [[120th meridian west|120° west]]; north to [[60th parallel north|60° north]]; west to the [[Alaska boundary dispute|disputed]] border with the United States described as the "summit of the mountains parallel to the coast"; north along that to [[141st meridian west|141° west]]; then north to the [[Arctic Ocean]]. The border then followed the coastline, leaving it to include the half of [[Baffin Bay]] within the [[Hudson Bay]] watershed, then back to the mainland; it then ran down the "Coasts of Labrador", the extent of which were disputed, until it reached the existing Canada–Newfoundland border at [[Blanc-Sablon, Quebec|Blanc-Sablon]].{{cite book |author=Van Zandt, Franklin K. |year=1976 |url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_skxAAAAAIAAJ |title=Boundaries of the United States and the Several States: With Miscellaneous Geographic Information Concerning Areas, Altitudes, and Geographic Centers |location=Washington, D.C. |publisher=[[U.S. Government Printing Office]] |oclc=69426475 | pages=[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_skxAAAAAIAAJ/page/n23 14]–15}}{{cite web | url=https://www.canada.ca/en/canadian-heritage/services/history-canada.html | title=History of Canada | date=15 August 2017 | publisher=Government of Canada | access-date=April 1, 2019 | archive-date=April 1, 2019 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190401152540/https://www.canada.ca/en/canadian-heritage/services/history-canada.html | url-status=live }}}} The British government made the transfer after Canada and the Hudson's Bay Company agreed to the terms, including a payment of £300,000 ($1.5 million) from Canada to the Company.{{cite wikisource |title=Rupert's Land and North-Western Territory Order|date=June 23, 1870}}

Due to a vague description and lack of quality surveying, part of the western border with the United States was [[Alaska Boundary Dispute|unclear and disputed]].{{cite book |author=Van Zandt, Franklin K. |year=1976 |url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_skxAAAAAIAAJ |title=Boundaries of the United States and the Several States: With Miscellaneous Geographic Information Concerning Areas, Altitudes, and Geographic Centers |location=Washington, D.C. |publisher=[[U.S. Government Printing Office]] |oclc=69426475 | page=[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_skxAAAAAIAAJ/page/n41 32]}} Canada disagreed with the United Kingdom over the extent of [[Labrador]] that remained with [[Newfoundland Colony]], citing the historical use of the term "[[Labrador#Boundary dispute|Coasts of Labrador]]."

Due to a vague description and lack of quality surveying, part of the western border with the United States was [[Alaska Boundary Dispute|unclear and disputed]].{{cite book |author=Van Zandt, Franklin K. |year=1976 |url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_skxAAAAAIAAJ |title=Boundaries of the United States and the Several States: With Miscellaneous Geographic Information Concerning Areas, Altitudes, and Geographic Centers |location=Washington, D.C. |publisher=[[U.S. Government Printing Office]] |oclc=69426475 | page=[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_skxAAAAAIAAJ/page/n41 32]}} Canada disagreed with the United Kingdom over the extent of [[Labrador]] that remained with [[Newfoundland Colony]], citing the historical use of the term "[[Labrador#Boundary dispute|Coasts of Labrador]]."