Square du Temple - Elie-Wiesel

[[File:Hoffbauer-Brezet-Temple1734.jpg|thumb|The Temple area in 1734 - detail of the [[Michel-Étienne Turgot|Turgot]] map of Paris.]]

[[File:Hoffbauer-Brezet-Temple1734.jpg|thumb|The Temple area in 1734 - detail of the [[Michel-Étienne Turgot|Turgot]] map of Paris.]]

The '''Square du Temple''' is a [[garden square]] in [[Paris, France]], in the [[3rd arrondissement of Paris|3rd arrondissement]], established in 1857. It is one of 24 city squares planned and created by [[Georges-Eugène Haussmann]] and [[Jean-Charles Adolphe Alphand]]. The square occupies the site of a medieval [[fortress]] in [[Paris]], known as the Enclos du Temple, which was built by the [[Knights Templar]]. Parts of the fortress were later used as a [[prison]] during the [[French Revolution]] and then demolished by the mid-19th century.{{

The '''Square du Temple - Elie-Wiesel''' is a [[garden square]] in [[Paris, France]], in the [[3rd arrondissement of Paris|3rd arrondissement]], established in 1857. It is one of 24 city squares planned and created by [[Georges-Eugène Haussmann]] and [[Jean-Charles Adolphe Alphand]]. The square occupies the site of a medieval [[fortress]] in [[Paris]], known as the Enclos du Temple, which was built by the [[Knights Templar]]. Parts of the fortress were later used as a [[prison]] during the [[French Revolution]] and then demolished by the mid-19th century.

==History==

==History==

The precise date of the Templars' establishment there remains unclear; the site replaced the ''Vieux Temple'' (Old Temple)—their initial residence, established circa 1140—which was situated opposite the Church of Saint-Jean-en-Grève, on the site of the present-day Rue de Lobau near the [[Place de Grève]].{{Cite book |last=Chadych |first=Danièle |title=Le Marais: évolution d'un paysage urbain |date= |publisher=Parigramme |year=2005 |isbn=978-2-84096-188-8 |series=Promenades d'architecture et d'histoire |location=Paris |pages=270|language=fr}} Jacquemin, archivist of the Priory of France, states that the title deeds relating to this foundation were burned by the Templars at the time of their arrest, but without providing proof of this.{{Cite book |last=Mannier |first=Eugène |title=Les commanderies du grand prieuré de France d'après les documents inédits conservés aux archives nationales à Paris |year=1872 |location=Paris |pages=3|language=fr|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hhx8g2xtm0QC|publisher=Aubry|volume=1}} Historians such as [[Henri Sauval]]{{Cite book |last=Sauval |first=Henri |title=Histoire Et Recherches Des Antiquités de la Ville de Paris |pages=270|volume=2|language=fr|publisher=Charles Moette; Jacques Chardon|year=1724|editor-first=Claude-Bernard|editor-last=Rosseau|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=t3rBGFWowAkC&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&printsec=frontcover&dq=Histoire+Et+Recherches+Des+Antiquit%C3%A9s+de+la+Ville+de+Paris&hl=en&source=gb_mobile_entity&ovdme=1&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Histoire%2520Et%2520Recherches%2520Des%2520Antiquit%C3%A9s%2520de%2520la%2520Ville%2520de%2520Paris&f=false}} and [[Jean-Aymar Piganiol de La Force|Jean-Aymar Piganiol de la Force]]{{Cite book |last=Piganiol de la Force |first=Jean-Aymar |title=Description de Paris, de Versailles, de Marly, de Meudon, de Saint-Cloud, de Fontainebleau, et de toutes les autres belles maisons et châteaux des environs de Paris |year=1742 |pages=211|volume=4|language=fr|publisher=Saugrain, pere|location=Paris}} found nothing regarding its origins; as for [[Abbé Lebeuf]], he states that the House of the Templars was founded during the 12th century{{Cite book |last=Lebeuf |first=Jean |title=Histoire de la ville et de tout le diocèse de Paris |publisher=Prault |year=1754 |editor-last= |editor-first= |volume=1 |location=Paris |publication-date= |pages=335 |language=fr}}, while Cocheris surmises that it was already in existence when Mathieu de Beaumont, in 1152, donated a portion of the lordship of Reuilly and the surrounding lands.{{Cite book |last=Lebeuf |first=Jean |title=Histoire de la ville et de tout le diocèse de Paris |publisher=Durand |year=1863 |editor-last=Cocheris |editor-first=Hippolyte |volume=1 |location=Paris |pages=463 |language=fr}}{{Cite book |last=Mannier |first=Eugène |title=Les commanderies du grand prieuré de France d'après les documents inédits conservés aux archives nationales à Paris |year=1872 |location=Paris |pages=4|language=fr|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hhx8g2xtm0QC|publisher=Aubry|volume=1}}

The precise date of the Templars' establishment there remains unclear; the site replaced the ''Vieux Temple'' (Old Temple)—their initial residence, established circa 1140—which was situated opposite the Church of Saint-Jean-en-Grève, on the site of the present-day Rue de Lobau near the [[Place de Grève]].{{Cite book |last=Chadych |first=Danièle |title=Le Marais: évolution d'un paysage urbain |date= |publisher=Parigramme |year=2005 |isbn=978-2-84096-188-8 |series=Promenades d'architecture et d'histoire |location=Paris |pages=270|language=fr}} Jacquemin, archivist of the Priory of France, states that the title deeds relating to this foundation were burned by the Templars at the time of their arrest, but without providing proof of this.{{Cite book |last=Mannier |first=Eugène |title=Les commanderies du grand prieuré de France d'après les documents inédits conservés aux archives nationales à Paris |year=1872 |location=Paris |pages=3|language=fr|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hhx8g2xtm0QC|publisher=Aubry|volume=1}} Historians such as [[Henri Sauval]]{{Cite book |last=Sauval |first=Henri |title=Histoire Et Recherches Des Antiquités de la Ville de Paris |pages=270|volume=2|language=fr|publisher=Charles Moette; Jacques Chardon|year=1724|editor-first=Claude-Bernard|editor-last=Rosseau|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=t3rBGFWowAkC&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&printsec=frontcover&dq=Histoire+Et+Recherches+Des+Antiquit%C3%A9s+de+la+Ville+de+Paris&hl=en&source=gb_mobile_entity&ovdme=1&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Histoire%2520Et%2520Recherches%2520Des%2520Antiquit%C3%A9s%2520de%2520la%2520Ville%2520de%2520Paris&f=false}} and [[Jean-Aymar Piganiol de La Force|Jean-Aymar Piganiol de la Force]]{{Cite book |last=Piganiol de la Force |first=Jean-Aymar |title=Description de Paris, de Versailles, de Marly, de Meudon, de Saint-Cloud, de Fontainebleau, et de toutes les autres belles maisons et châteaux des environs de Paris |year=1742 |pages=211|volume=4|language=fr|publisher=Saugrain, pere|location=Paris}} found nothing regarding its origins; as for [[Abbé Lebeuf]], he states that the House of the Templars was founded during the 12th century{{Cite book |last=Lebeuf |first=Jean |title=Histoire de la ville et de tout le diocèse de Paris |publisher=Prault |year=1754 |editor-last= |editor-first= |volume=1 |location=Paris |publication-date= |pages=335 |language=fr}}, while Cocheris surmises that it was already in existence when Mathieu de Beaumont, in 1152, donated a portion of the lordship of Reuilly and the surrounding lands.{{Cite book |last=Lebeuf |first=Jean |title=Histoire de la ville et de tout le diocèse de Paris |publisher=Durand |year=1863 |editor-last=Cocheris |editor-first=Hippolyte |volume=1 |location=Paris |pages=463 |language=fr}}{{Cite book |last=Mannier |first=Eugène |title=Les commanderies du grand prieuré de France d'après les documents inédits conservés aux archives nationales à Paris |year=1872 |location=Paris |pages=4|language=fr|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hhx8g2xtm0QC|publisher=Aubry|volume=1}}

Indeed, a charter dated 1146—issued by Simon, Bishop of Noyon, and discovered at the Commandery of Eterpigny—attests to the presence of a House of the Temple in Paris, where the Commander and the knights were assembled.{{Cite book |last=Mannier |first=Eugène |title=Les commanderies du grand prieuré de France d'après les documents inédits conservés aux archives nationales à Paris |year=1872 |location=Paris |pages=5|language=fr|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hhx8g2xtm0QC|publisher=Aubry|volume=1}} Around 1172{{Ref|The deed bears no date|[n1]}} Lady Gente granted to the Templars possession of a mill—with a dwelling situated above it—located at the Grand-Pont, within the feudal tenure of the Chapter of Notre-Dame, in exchange for 30 ''livres'' paid in a single installment. The deed was executed in the presence of Maurice, Bishop of Paris; Brother Gaudefroy Fouquier, Master of the Temple on this side of the seas; Brother Eustache Le Chien, Master of the Temple in France; and Brother Jean, Commander in Paris. By letters dated 1175, Isambert, Prior of the Church of Saint-Éloi in Paris, granted and confirmed to the Square du Temple all that it held, subject to the customary rents and usages.

Indeed, a charter dated 1146—issued by Simon, Bishop of Noyon, and discovered at the Commandery of Eterpigny—attests to the presence of a House of the Temple in Paris, where the Commander and the knights were assembled.{{Cite book |last=Mannier |first=Eugène |title=Les commanderies du grand prieuré de France d'après les documents inédits conservés aux archives nationales à Paris |year=1872 |location=Paris |pages=5|language=fr|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hhx8g2xtm0QC|publisher=Aubry|volume=1}} Around 1172{{Ref label|a|ɑ}}, Lady Gente granted to the Templars possession of a mill—with a dwelling situated above it—located at the Grand-Pont, within the feudal tenure of the Chapter of Notre-Dame, in exchange for 30 ''livres'' paid in a single installment. The deed was executed in the presence of Maurice, Bishop of Paris; Brother Gaudefroy Fouquier, Master of the Temple on this side of the seas; Brother Eustache Le Chien, Master of the Temple in France; and Brother Jean, Commander in Paris. By letters dated 1175, Isambert, Prior of the Church of Saint-Éloi in Paris, granted and confirmed to the Square du Temple all that it held, subject to the customary rents and usages.

=== Early history ===

=== Early history ===

In 1279, Philip III the Bold concluded an agreement—by means of letters patent—with the Knights Templar regarding the seigneurial justice that the Order exercised over its landed estates. The King acknowledged that the Order held the rights of high, middle, and low justice over all its properties—initially outside the walls of Paris, and subsequently, little by little, within the city limits. By the 14th century, the number of quit-rents or ground rents belonging to the Order was so vast that one would have to list nearly every street and square in Paris to enumerate them all.

In 1279, [[Philip III the Bold]] concluded an agreement—by means of letters patent—with the Knights Templar regarding the seigneurial justice that the Order exercised over its landed estates. The King acknowledged that the Order held the rights of high, middle, and low justice over all its properties—initially outside the walls of Paris, and subsequently, little by little, within the city limits. By the 14th century, the number of quit-rents or ground rents belonging to the Order was so vast that one would have to list nearly every street and square in Paris to enumerate them all.

In 1312, the Order of the Temple was dissolved, and its assets in France were transferred to the Hospitallers of the Order of Saint John of Jerusalem, thereby establishing the Priory of the Temple. Nevertheless—even though Philip the Fair had ordered the transfer of these assets to the Hospitallers as early as March 28, 1313—the Enclos du Temple was initially withheld, as his son, Louis X, refused to surrender it, designating it instead as the dower for Queen Clementia of Hungary. During the 14th century, the Hospitallers relocated the seat of the Grand Priory of France due to the extensive renovation work required at the site, at a time when their own finances were rather depleted. These renovations were not finally completed until the 15th century, under the tenure of [[Emery d'Amboise|Emery d’Amboise]].

In 1312, the Order of the Temple was dissolved, and its assets in France were transferred to the Hospitallers of the Order of Saint John of Jerusalem, thereby establishing the Priory of the Temple. Nevertheless—even though [[Philip the Fair]] had ordered the transfer of these assets to the Hospitallers as early as March 28, 1313—the Enclos du Temple was initially withheld, as his son, Louis X, refused to surrender it, designating it instead as the dower for [[Clementia of Hungary|Queen Clementia of Hungary]]. During the 14th century, the Hospitallers relocated the seat of the Grand Priory of France due to the extensive renovation work required at the site, at a time when their own finances were rather depleted. These renovations were not finally completed until the 15th century, under the tenure of [[Emery d'Amboise|Emery d’Amboise]].

=== French Revolution ===

=== French Revolution ===

==References==

==References==

{{Reflist}}

{{Reflist}}

==Notes==

:{{note label|a||^ɑ}} The deed bears no date

==External links==

==External links==