Scotoplanes

Like all [[echinoderms]], ''Scotoplanes'' have a poorly developed respiratory system and breathe from their anus, referring to the lack of a [[respiratory tree]]. Their bodies are adapted to the high pressure of the [[benthic zone]] of the ocean, and bringing them too close to the surface would cause them to disintegrate.{{Cite journal|last1=Barry|first1=James|last2=Taylor|first2=Josi|last3=Kuhnz|first3=Linda|last4=De Vogelaere|first4=Andrew|date=October 15, 2016|title=Symbiosis between the holothurian ''Scotoplanes'' sp. A and the lithodid crab ''Neolithodes diomedeae'' on a featureless bathyal sediment plain|journal=Marine Ecology|volume=38|issue=2|article-number=e12396|doi=10.1111/maec.12396|bibcode=2017MarEc..38E2396B }} Similar to other echinoderms, ''Scotoplanes'' have a [[water vascular system]]. The dorsal papillae are similar [[histologically]] to ''Scotoplanes''{{'}} tube feet, as both contain a large muscular water vascular canal in the center. Hydraulic pressure in these canals are responsible for the efficacy of the vascular system.{{Cite journal |last1=LaDouceur |first1=Elise E. B. |last2=Kuhnz |first2=Linda A. |last3=Biggs |first3=Christina |last4=Bitondo |first4=Alicia |last5=Olhasso |first5=Megan |last6=Scott |first6=Katherine L. |last7=Murray |first7=Michael |date=2021-08-06 |title=Histologic Examination of a Sea Pig (Scotoplanes sp.) Using Bright Field Light Microscopy |journal=Journal of Marine Science and Engineering |language=en |volume=9 |issue=8 |page=848 |doi=10.3390/jmse9080848 |bibcode=2021JMSE....9..848L |issn=2077-1312|doi-access=free }} Also similar to other echinoderms is ''Scotoplanes'' 's nervous system, which consists of a network of nerves without ganglia.

Like all [[echinoderms]], ''Scotoplanes'' have a poorly developed respiratory system and breathe from their anus, referring to the lack of a [[respiratory tree]]. Their bodies are adapted to the high pressure of the [[benthic zone]] of the ocean, and bringing them too close to the surface would cause them to disintegrate.{{Cite journal|last1=Barry|first1=James|last2=Taylor|first2=Josi|last3=Kuhnz|first3=Linda|last4=De Vogelaere|first4=Andrew|date=October 15, 2016|title=Symbiosis between the holothurian ''Scotoplanes'' sp. A and the lithodid crab ''Neolithodes diomedeae'' on a featureless bathyal sediment plain|journal=Marine Ecology|volume=38|issue=2|article-number=e12396|doi=10.1111/maec.12396|bibcode=2017MarEc..38E2396B }} Similar to other echinoderms, ''Scotoplanes'' have a [[water vascular system]]. The dorsal papillae are similar [[histologically]] to ''Scotoplanes''{{'}} tube feet, as both contain a large muscular water vascular canal in the center. Hydraulic pressure in these canals are responsible for the efficacy of the vascular system.{{Cite journal |last1=LaDouceur |first1=Elise E. B. |last2=Kuhnz |first2=Linda A. |last3=Biggs |first3=Christina |last4=Bitondo |first4=Alicia |last5=Olhasso |first5=Megan |last6=Scott |first6=Katherine L. |last7=Murray |first7=Michael |date=2021-08-06 |title=Histologic Examination of a Sea Pig (Scotoplanes sp.) Using Bright Field Light Microscopy |journal=Journal of Marine Science and Engineering |language=en |volume=9 |issue=8 |page=848 |doi=10.3390/jmse9080848 |bibcode=2021JMSE....9..848L |issn=2077-1312|doi-access=free }} Also similar to other echinoderms is ''Scotoplanes'' 's nervous system, which consists of a network of nerves without ganglia.

A study done provides histologic findings that these deep-sea dwelling sea pigs are similar to other [[holothuroidea]], though there are few notable differences: most holothurians are sexually [[Dioecy|dioecious]] with sexes in separate individuals, they are also very lonely. Unlike other echinoderms, holothuroids possess only a single gonad. The water vascular system of holothurians is similar to other echinoderms, except the madreporite opens in the perivisceral coelom instead of in the external body wall.{{cite journal |last1=LaDouceur |first1=Elise E. B. |last2=Kuhnz |first2=Linda A. |last3=Biggs |first3=Christina |last4=Bitondo |first4=Alicia |last5=Olhasso |first5=Megan |last6=Scott |first6=Katherine L. |last7=Murray |first7=Michael |title=Histologic Examination of a Sea Pig (Scotoplanes sp.) Using Bright Field Light Microscopy |journal=Journal of Marine Science and Engineering |date=August 2021 |volume=9 |issue=8 |page=848 |doi=10.3390/jmse9080848 |bibcode=2021JMSE....9..848L |language=en|doi-access=free }} [[File:CC-BY icon.svg|50px]] Text was copied from this source, which is available under a [https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License]. ''Scotoplanes'' have unique reproductive systems that consist of one gonad in both female and male organisms; one ovary in females and one testis in males. This is different from most [[echinoderm]]s.{{Clarify|date=October 2025}} Also unique from most [[Elasipodida|elasipodids]] is that active [[gametogenesis]] was observed in both females and males, pointing to a different reproduction strategy in ''Scotoplanes''. Their digestive system is specialized, too, as [[Detritivore|detritivores]], they feed on organic matter that falls to the bottom of the sea, gathering and ingesting this detritus with their tube feet. Their gut is very efficient, allowing the maximum amount of nutrition to be extracted from meager resources around the animal's immediate environment. Male ''Scotoplanes'' have [[protozoa]] inside the cyst cavities of their aboral intestines.

A study done provides histologic findings that these deep-sea dwelling sea pigs are similar to other [[holothuroidea]], though there are few notable differences: most holothurians are sexually [[Dioecy|dioecious]] with sexes in separate individuals. Unlike other echinoderms, holothuroids possess only a single gonad. The water vascular system of holothurians is similar to other echinoderms, except the madreporite opens in the perivisceral coelom instead of in the external body wall.{{cite journal |last1=LaDouceur |first1=Elise E. B. |last2=Kuhnz |first2=Linda A. |last3=Biggs |first3=Christina |last4=Bitondo |first4=Alicia |last5=Olhasso |first5=Megan |last6=Scott |first6=Katherine L. |last7=Murray |first7=Michael |title=Histologic Examination of a Sea Pig (Scotoplanes sp.) Using Bright Field Light Microscopy |journal=Journal of Marine Science and Engineering |date=August 2021 |volume=9 |issue=8 |page=848 |doi=10.3390/jmse9080848 |bibcode=2021JMSE....9..848L |language=en|doi-access=free }} [[File:CC-BY icon.svg|50px]] Text was copied from this source, which is available under a [https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License]. ''Scotoplanes'' have unique reproductive systems that consist of one gonad in both female and male organisms; one ovary in females and one testis in males. This is different from most [[echinoderm]]s.{{Clarify|date=October 2025}} Also unique from most [[Elasipodida|elasipodids]] is that active [[gametogenesis]] was observed in both females and males, pointing to a different reproduction strategy in ''Scotoplanes''. Their digestive system is specialized, too, as [[Detritivore|detritivores]], they feed on organic matter that falls to the bottom of the sea, gathering and ingesting this detritus with their tube feet. Their gut is very efficient, allowing the maximum amount of nutrition to be extracted from meager resources around the animal's immediate environment. Male ''Scotoplanes'' have [[protozoa]] inside the cyst cavities of their aboral intestines.

===Locomotion===

===Locomotion===