Rhinoplasty

{{More citations needed|section|date=April 2015}}

{{More citations needed|section|date=April 2015}}

Rhinoplasty is safe, yet [[Complication (medicine)|complications]] can arise. Postoperative deformities remain a primary risk with clinical data indicating revision surgery is required in 5% to 15% of cases. The "pollybeak" deformity, characterized by a cartilaginous hump or loss of tip projection, is the indication for approximately 50% of all revision rhinoplasties. If too much of the osseo-cartilaginous framework is removed, the consequent weakening can cause the external nasal skin to become shapeless, resulting in a "pollybeak" deformity, resembling the beak of a [[parrot]]. Likewise, if the septum is unsupported, the bridge of the nose can sink, resulting in a "saddle nose" deformity. The tip of the nose can be over-rotated, causing the nostrils to be too visible, resulting in a [[Pig|porcine]] nose. If the cartilages of the nose tip are over-resected, it can cause a pinched-tip nose. If the columella is incorrectly cut, variable-degree numbness might result, which requires a months-long resolution. Other deformities that may result from a rhinoplasty include Rocker deformity, inverted V deformity, and open room deformity.{{Citation |last1=Raggio |first1=Blake S. |title=Open Rhinoplasty |date=2024 |work=StatPearls |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK546628/ |access-date=2024-08-26 |place=Treasure Island (FL) |publisher=StatPearls Publishing |pmid=31536235 |last2=Asaria |first2=Jamil}}

Rhinoplasty is safe, yet [[Complication (medicine)|complications]] can arise. Postoperative deformities remain a primary risk with clinical data indicating revision surgery is required in 5% to 15% of cases. The "pollybeak" deformity, characterized by a cartilaginous hump or loss of tip projection, is the indication for approximately 50% of all revision rhinoplasties. If too much of the osseo-cartilaginous framework is removed, the consequent weakening can cause the external nasal skin to become shapeless, resulting in a "pollybeak" deformity, resembling the beak of a [[parrot]]. Likewise, if the septum is unsupported, the bridge of the nose can sink, resulting in a "saddle nose" deformity. The tip of the nose can be over-rotated, causing the nostrils to be too visible, resulting in a [[Pig|porcine]] nose. If the cartilages of the nose tip are over-resected, it can cause a pinched-tip nose. If the columella is incorrectly cut, variable-degree numbness might result, which requires a months-long resolution. Other deformities that may result from a rhinoplasty include Rocker deformity, inverted V deformity, and open room deformity.{{Citation |last1=Raggio |first1=Blake S. |title=Open Rhinoplasty |date=2024 |work=StatPearls |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK546628/ |access-date=2024-08-26 |place=Treasure Island (FL) |publisher=StatPearls Publishing |pmid=31536235 |last2=Asaria |first2=Jamil}} The inverted V deformity appears as a visible shadow at the junction of the nasal bones and the middle vault.

Post-operative bleeding is uncommon, but usually resolves without treatment. [[Infection]] is rare, but, when it does occur, it might progress to become an [[abscess]] requiring the surgical drainage of the [[pus]], whilst the patient is under [[Anesthesia|general anaesthesia]]. Adhesions, [[scars]] that obstruct the airways, can form a bridge across the nasal cavity, from the [[Nasal septum|septum]] to the [[turbinates]], and lead to difficulty breathing and may require surgical removal. Furthermore, in the course of the rhinoplasty, the surgeon might [[Iatrogenesis|accidentally]] perforate the septum (septal perforation), which later can cause chronic nose bleeding, crusting of nasal fluids, difficult breathing, and whistling breathing. A [[turbinectomy]] may result in [[empty nose syndrome]].

Post-operative bleeding is uncommon, but usually resolves without treatment. [[Infection]] is rare, but, when it does occur, it might progress to become an [[abscess]] requiring the surgical drainage of the [[pus]], whilst the patient is under [[Anesthesia|general anaesthesia]]. Adhesions, [[scars]] that obstruct the airways, can form a bridge across the nasal cavity, from the [[Nasal septum|septum]] to the [[turbinates]], and lead to difficulty breathing and may require surgical removal. Furthermore, in the course of the rhinoplasty, the surgeon might [[Iatrogenesis|accidentally]] perforate the septum (septal perforation), which later can cause chronic nose bleeding, crusting of nasal fluids, difficult breathing, and whistling breathing. A [[turbinectomy]] may result in [[empty nose syndrome]].