Punk rock

===Garage rock and beat===

===Garage rock and beat===

{{See also|garage rock|mod (subculture)|beat music}}

{{See also|garage rock|mod (subculture)|beat music}}

[[File:The Kingsmen 1966.jpg|thumb|[[The Kingsmen]] in 1966. Their cover of Louie, Louie was later referred to as punk rock's "ur-text".{{sfn|Sabin|1999|p=157}}|left]]

[[File:The Kingsmen 1966.jpg|thumb|[[The Kingsmen]] in 1966. Their cover of "Louie, Louie" was later referred to as punk rock's "ur-text".{{sfn|Sabin|1999|p=157}}|left]]

The early to mid-1960s garage rock bands in the United States and elsewhere are often recognized as punk rock's progenitors. [[The Kingsmen]]'s "[[Louie, Louie]]" is often cited as punk rock's defining "[[Urtext edition|ur-text]]".{{sfn|Sabin|1999|p=157}}{{refn|group=nb|In the Kingsmen's version, the song's "El Loco Cha-Cha" [[riff]]s were pared down to a more simple and primitive rock arrangement providing a stylistic model for countless garage rock bands.{{cite news |last1=Pareles |first1=Jon |title=Richard Berry, Songwriter of 'Louie Louie,' Dies at 61 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1997/01/25/arts/richard-berry-songwriter-of-louie-louie-dies-at-61.html |work=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=April 27, 2016 |date=January 25, 1997 |archive-date=March 26, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160326174905/http://www.nytimes.com/1997/01/25/arts/richard-berry-songwriter-of-louie-louie-dies-at-61.html |url-status=live}}{{cite book |last=Avant-Mier |first=Roberto |date=2008 |title=Rock the Nation: Latin/o Identities and the Latin Rock Diaspora |page=99 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |location=London |isbn=978-1441164483}}}} After the success of the [[British Invasion]], the garage phenomenon gathered momentum around the US.{{sfn|Lemlich|1992|pp=2–3}} By 1965, the harder-edged sound of British acts, such as [[the Rolling Stones]], [[the Kinks]], and [[the Who]], became increasingly influential with American garage bands.{{sfn|Sabin|1999|p=159}} The raw sound of U.S. groups such as [[the Sonics]] and [[the Seeds]] predicted the style of later acts.{{sfn|Sabin|1999|p=159}} In the early 1970s some rock critics used the term "punk rock" to refer to the mid-1960s garage genre, as well as for subsequent acts perceived to be in that stylistic tradition, such as the Stooges.{{sfn|Bangs|2003|p=101}}

The early to mid-1960s garage rock bands in the United States and elsewhere are often recognized as punk rock's progenitors. [[The Kingsmen]]'s "[[Louie, Louie]]" is often cited as punk rock's defining "[[Urtext edition|ur-text]]".{{sfn|Sabin|1999|p=157}}{{refn|group=nb|In the Kingsmen's version, the song's "El Loco Cha-Cha" [[riff]]s were pared down to a more simple and primitive rock arrangement providing a stylistic model for countless garage rock bands.{{cite news |last1=Pareles |first1=Jon |title=Richard Berry, Songwriter of 'Louie Louie,' Dies at 61 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1997/01/25/arts/richard-berry-songwriter-of-louie-louie-dies-at-61.html |work=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=April 27, 2016 |date=January 25, 1997 |archive-date=March 26, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160326174905/http://www.nytimes.com/1997/01/25/arts/richard-berry-songwriter-of-louie-louie-dies-at-61.html |url-status=live}}{{cite book |last=Avant-Mier |first=Roberto |date=2008 |title=Rock the Nation: Latin/o Identities and the Latin Rock Diaspora |page=99 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |location=London |isbn=978-1441164483}}}} After the success of the [[British Invasion]], the garage phenomenon gathered momentum around the US.{{sfn|Lemlich|1992|pp=2–3}} By 1965, the harder-edged sound of British acts, such as [[the Rolling Stones]], [[the Kinks]], and [[the Who]], became increasingly influential with American garage bands.{{sfn|Sabin|1999|p=159}} The raw sound of U.S. groups such as [[the Sonics]] and [[the Seeds]] predicted the style of later acts.{{sfn|Sabin|1999|p=159}} In the early 1970s some rock critics used the term "punk rock" to refer to the mid-1960s garage genre, as well as for subsequent acts perceived to be in that stylistic tradition, such as the Stooges.{{sfn|Bangs|2003|p=101}}

[[File:Kinks helmfrid-sofa3.jpg|thumb|[[The Kinks]]' "You Really Got Me" was later cited as an early progenitor of punk rock.{{harvnb|Fleiner|2017|p=54}}: "Musicologists argue that 'You Really Got Me' was the origin of heavy metal and the beginnings of punk."]]

[[File:Kinks helmfrid-sofa3.jpg|thumb|[[The Kinks]]' "You Really Got Me" was later cited as an early progenitor of punk rock.{{harvnb|Fleiner|2017|p=54}}: "Musicologists argue that 'You Really Got Me' was the origin of heavy metal and the beginnings of punk."]]