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By the late 2010s, the term was more broadly used in American political discourse as a shorthand reference to [[technocratic]] liberals or wealthy [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] voters.[{{cite magazine| last=Winant | first=Gabriel| title=Professional-Managerial Chasm | magazine=[[n+1|n+1 magazine]]| date=10 October 2019 | url=https://www.nplusonemag.com/online-only/online-only/professional-managerial-chasm/}}][ [[Catherine Liu]], in ''Virtue Hoarders'' (2021), characterized the PMC as [[White-collar worker|white-collar]] [[left liberalism|left liberals]] afflicted with a [[Liberal elite|superiority complex]] in relation to [[blue-collar workers|ordinary members]] of the working class.][{{Cite magazine |url=https://www.spiked-online.com/2021/01/21/virtue-hoarders-our-scolding-elites/ |title=Virtue Hoarders: our scolding elites |magazine=[[Spiked (magazine)|Spiked]]}}][{{cite web |url=https://www.upress.umn.edu/press/press-clips/the-jacobin-show-the-professional-managerial-class-w-catherine-liu |title=The Jacobin Show: The Professional-Managerial Class w/ Catherine Liu |date=January 27, 2021 |website=[[University of Minnesota Press]]}}][{{Cite web |url=https://www.upress.umn.edu/press/press-clips/aufhebunga-bunga-podcast-the-worst-class-ft-catherine-liu |title=Aufhebunga Bunga podcast: The Worst Class ft. Catherine Liu |website=[[University of Minnesota Press]]}}] [[Hans Magnus Enzensberger]] had previously written of the "characterless [[Political opportunism|opportunism]]" of its members, in reference to its constant [[Flip-flop (politics)|shifting]] of allegiances, not only between the leisured and working [[Marxian class theory|classes]] but also [[Cancel culture|among themselves]].[{{cite news |volume=3 |issue=4 |title=The Characterless Opportunism of the Managerial Class |last=Frost |first=Amber A'Lee |url=https://americanaffairsjournal.org/2019/11/the-characterless-opportunism-of-the-managerial-class/|journal = [[American Affairs]]|date=November 2019}}] |
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By the late 2010s, the term was more broadly used in American political discourse as a shorthand reference to [[technocratic]] liberals or wealthy [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] voters.[{{cite magazine| last=Winant | first=Gabriel| title=Professional-Managerial Chasm | magazine=[[n+1|n+1 magazine]]| date=10 October 2019 | url=https://www.nplusonemag.com/online-only/online-only/professional-managerial-chasm/}}][ [[Catherine Liu]], in ''Virtue Hoarders'' (2021), characterized the PMC as [[White-collar worker|white-collar]] [[left liberalism|left liberals]] afflicted with a [[Liberal elite|superiority complex]] in relation to [[blue-collar workers|ordinary members]] of the working class.][{{Cite magazine |url=https://www.spiked-online.com/2021/01/21/virtue-hoarders-our-scolding-elites/ |title=Virtue Hoarders: our scolding elites |magazine=[[Spiked (magazine)|Spiked]]}}][{{cite web |url=https://www.upress.umn.edu/press/press-clips/the-jacobin-show-the-professional-managerial-class-w-catherine-liu |title=The Jacobin Show: The Professional-Managerial Class w/ Catherine Liu |date=January 27, 2021 |website=[[University of Minnesota Press]]}}][{{Cite web |url=https://www.upress.umn.edu/press/press-clips/aufhebunga-bunga-podcast-the-worst-class-ft-catherine-liu |title=Aufhebunga Bunga podcast: The Worst Class ft. Catherine Liu |website=[[University of Minnesota Press]]}}] [[Hans Magnus Enzensberger]] had previously written of the "characterless [[Political opportunism|opportunism]]" of its members, in reference to its constant [[Flip-flop (politics)|shifting]] of allegiances, not only between the leisured and working classes but also among themselves.[{{cite news |volume=3 |issue=4 |title=The Characterless Opportunism of the Managerial Class |last=Frost |first=Amber A'Lee |url=https://americanaffairsjournal.org/2019/11/the-characterless-opportunism-of-the-managerial-class/|journal = [[American Affairs]]|date=November 2019}}] |
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