Politics of Argentina

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Politics of Argentina

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{{Politics of Argentina}}
{{Politics of Argentina}}
The '''politics of Argentina''' take place in the framework of what the [[Constitution of Argentina|Constitution]] defines as a [[federation|federal]] [[presidential system|presidential]] [[representative democracy|representative democratic]] [[republic]], where the [[President of Argentina]] is both [[Head of State]] and [[Head of Government]]. [[Legislative power]] is vested in the two chambers of the [[Argentine National Congress]]. The [[Judiciary]] is independent, as are the Executive and the Legislature. Elections take place regularly on a [[multi-party system]].
The '''politics of Argentina''' take place in the framework of what the [[Constitution of Argentina|Constitution]] defines as a [[federation|federal]] [[presidential system|presidential]] [[representative democracy|representative democratic]] [[republic]], where the [[President of Argentina]] is both [[Head of State|head of state]] and [[Head of Government|head of government]]. [[Legislative power]] is vested in the two chambers of the [[Argentine National Congress]]. The [[judiciary]] is independent, as are the executive and the legislature. Elections take place regularly in a [[multi-party system]].


In the 20th century, [[Argentina]] experienced significant political turmoil and democratic reversals.{{Cite book|last1=Robinson|first1=James|url=https://scholar.harvard.edu/jrobinson/publications/economic-origins-dictatorship-and-democracy|title=Economic Origins of Dictatorship and Democracy|last2=Acemoglu|first2=Daron|date=2006|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=Cambridge, UK|pages=7–8}}{{Cite encyclopedia |title=Introduction |encyclopedia=Argentine Democracy: The Politics of Institutional Weakness |publisher=Penn State University Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=y836oj86VSUC&pg=PA1 |date=2005 |editor-last1=Levitsky |editor-first1=Steven |pages=1–2 |isbn=0271046341 |last2=Murillo |first2=María Victoria |last1=Levitsky |first1=Steven |editor-first2=María Victoria |editor-last2=Murillo}}{{Cite journal |last1=García Holgado |first1=Benjamín |last2=Mainwaring |first2=Scott |date=2023 |title=Why Democracy Survives Presidential Encroachments: Argentina Since 1983 |url=https://www.ingentaconnect.com/contentone/cuny/cp/2023/00000055/00000004/art00002 |journal=Comparative Politics |volume=55 |issue=4 |pages=525–548 |doi=10.5129/001041523X16729343375086|url-access=subscription }}{{Cite journal |last=Goldwert |first=Marvin |date=1968 |title=The Rise of Modern Militarism in Argentina |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/2510742 |journal=The Hispanic American Historical Review |volume=48 |issue=2 |pages=189–205 |doi=10.2307/2510742 |jstor=2510742 |issn=0018-2168|url-access=subscription }} Argentina's first episode of democratization started with the [[1912 Argentine legislative election]] and ended with the [[1930 Argentine coup d'état]].{{Cite journal |last=Potter |first=Anne L. |date=1981 |title=The Failure of Democracy in Argentina 1916-1930: An Institutional Perspective |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/156340 |journal=Journal of Latin American Studies |volume=13 |issue=1 |pages=83–109 |doi=10.1017/S0022216X00006179 |jstor=156340 |issn=0022-216X}} Between 1930 and 1976, the [[Armed Forces of the Argentine Republic|armed forces]] overthrew six governments in Argentina.{{Citation |last=Rock |first=David |title=Argentina, 1930–46 |date=1991 |work=The Cambridge History of Latin America |volume=8: Latin America since 1930: Spanish South America |pages=1–72 |editor-last=Bethell |editor-first=Leslie |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/abs/cambridge-history-of-latin-america/argentina-193046/833800BD5034EBA074C8338CE7398E2D |publisher=Cambridge University Press |doi=10.1017/chol9780521266529.002 |isbn=978-0-521-26652-9|url-access=subscription }} Some historians see between [[military regime|military rule]] and periods of restricted democracy also periods of democracy (1946–1955, and 1973–1976), while other sources only consider the period 1963–1965 as barely meeting the standards of democratic transition.{{cite journal | last1=Maerz | first1=Seraphine F | last2=Edgell | first2=Amanda B | last3=Wilson | first3=Matthew C | last4=Hellmeier | first4=Sebastian | last5=Lindberg | first5=Staffan I | title=Episodes of regime transformation | journal=Journal of Peace Research | volume=61 | issue=6 | date=2024 | issn=0022-3433 | doi=10.1177/00223433231168192 | doi-access=free | pages=967–984 | hdl=10419/310004 | hdl-access=free }}
In the 20th century, [[Argentina]] experienced significant political turmoil and democratic reversals.{{Cite book|last1=Robinson|first1=James|url=https://scholar.harvard.edu/jrobinson/publications/economic-origins-dictatorship-and-democracy|title=Economic Origins of Dictatorship and Democracy|last2=Acemoglu|first2=Daron|date=2006|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=Cambridge, UK|pages=7–8}}{{Cite encyclopedia |title=Introduction |encyclopedia=Argentine Democracy: The Politics of Institutional Weakness |publisher=Penn State University Press |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=y836oj86VSUC&pg=PA1 |date=2005 |editor-last1=Levitsky |editor-first1=Steven |pages=1–2 |isbn=0271046341 |last2=Murillo |first2=María Victoria |last1=Levitsky |first1=Steven |editor-first2=María Victoria |editor-last2=Murillo}}{{Cite journal |last1=García Holgado |first1=Benjamín |last2=Mainwaring |first2=Scott |date=2023 |title=Why Democracy Survives Presidential Encroachments: Argentina Since 1983 |url=https://www.ingentaconnect.com/contentone/cuny/cp/2023/00000055/00000004/art00002 |journal=Comparative Politics |volume=55 |issue=4 |pages=525–548 |doi=10.5129/001041523X16729343375086|url-access=subscription }}{{Cite journal |last=Goldwert |first=Marvin |date=1968 |title=The Rise of Modern Militarism in Argentina |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/2510742 |journal=The Hispanic American Historical Review |volume=48 |issue=2 |pages=189–205 |doi=10.2307/2510742 |jstor=2510742 |issn=0018-2168|url-access=subscription }} Argentina's first episode of democratization started with the [[1912 Argentine legislative election]] and ended with the [[1930 Argentine coup d'état]].{{Cite journal |last=Potter |first=Anne L. |date=1981 |title=The Failure of Democracy in Argentina 1916-1930: An Institutional Perspective |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/156340 |journal=Journal of Latin American Studies |volume=13 |issue=1 |pages=83–109 |doi=10.1017/S0022216X00006179 |jstor=156340 |issn=0022-216X}} Between 1930 and 1976, the [[Armed Forces of the Argentine Republic|armed forces]] overthrew six governments in Argentina.{{Citation |last=Rock |first=David |title=Argentina, 1930–46 |date=1991 |work=The Cambridge History of Latin America |volume=8: Latin America since 1930: Spanish South America |pages=1–72 |editor-last=Bethell |editor-first=Leslie |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/abs/cambridge-history-of-latin-america/argentina-193046/833800BD5034EBA074C8338CE7398E2D |publisher=Cambridge University Press |doi=10.1017/chol9780521266529.002 |isbn=978-0-521-26652-9|url-access=subscription }} Some historians see between [[military regime|military rule]] and periods of restricted democracy also periods of democracy (1946–1955, and 1973–1976), while other sources only consider the period 1963–1965 as barely meeting the standards of democratic transition.{{cite journal | last1=Maerz | first1=Seraphine F | last2=Edgell | first2=Amanda B | last3=Wilson | first3=Matthew C | last4=Hellmeier | first4=Sebastian | last5=Lindberg | first5=Staffan I | title=Episodes of regime transformation | journal=Journal of Peace Research | volume=61 | issue=6 | date=2024 | issn=0022-3433 | doi=10.1177/00223433231168192 | doi-access=free | pages=967–984 | hdl=10419/310004 | hdl-access=free }}


Following a [[democratization]] that began in 1983,{{Cite book|first=Leslie E.|last=Anderson|title=Democratization by Institutions: Argentina's Transition Years in Comparative Perspective|publisher=University of Michigan Press|date=2016|page=15}} full-scale democracy in Argentina was reestablished. Argentina's democracy endured through the [[1998–2002 Argentine great depression|2001–02 crisis]] and to the present day; it is regarded as more robust than both its pre-1983 predecessors and other democracies in [[Latin America]].
Following the [[democratization]] that began in 1983,{{Cite book|first=Leslie E.|last=Anderson|title=Democratization by Institutions: Argentina's Transition Years in Comparative Perspective|publisher=University of Michigan Press|date=2016|page=15}} full-scale democracy in Argentina was reestablished. Argentina's democracy endured through the [[1998–2002 Argentine great depression|2001–02 crisis]] and to the present day; it is regarded as more robust than both its pre-1983 predecessors and other democracies in [[Latin America]].


==National government==
==National government==
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