Patella (gastropod)

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'''''Patella''''' are a herbivorous ''[[genus]]'' of [[sea snail]]s [[limpet]]s in the family ''[[Patellidae]]'', further placed under the class ''[[Gastropoda]]''. Primarily a marine based genus of [[Prosobranchia|prosobranch]] gastropods they most commonly live on coastal tidal shores in varying non tropical climates.{{Cite journal |last1=Sá-Pinto |first1=Alexandra |last2=Branco |first2=Madalena |last3=Harris |first3=D. James |last4=Alexandrino |first4=Paulo |date=2005-11-22 |title=Phylogeny and phylogeography of the genus Patella based on mitochondrial DNA sequence data |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0022098105002248 |journal=Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology |volume=325 |issue=1 |pages=95–110 |doi=10.1016/j.jembe.2005.04.025 |bibcode=2005JEMBE.325...95S |issn=0022-0981|url-access=subscription }} As limpets under family Patellidae, they share sister taxa with 3 other accepted genus [[Cymbula]], [[Helcion]], and [[Scutellastra]]. ''Patella'' is characterized by their cup-shaped [[Gastropod shell|shell]] and gills, with their form of movement in waves.{{Cite web |title=Snails and Slugs (Gastropoda) |url=https://www.molluscs.at/gastropoda/index.html?/gastropoda/sea/limpets.html |access-date=2025-03-25 |website=www.molluscs.at}}

'''''Patella''''' is a herbivorous ''[[genus]]'' of [[sea snail]]s [[limpet]]s in the family ''[[Patellidae]]'', further placed under the class ''[[Gastropoda]]''. Primarily a marine genus of [[Prosobranchia|prosobranch]] gastropods, they most commonly live on coastal tidal shores in varying non-tropical climates.{{Cite journal |last1=Sá-Pinto |first1=Alexandra |last2=Branco |first2=Madalena |last3=Harris |first3=D. James |last4=Alexandrino |first4=Paulo |date=2005-11-22 |title=Phylogeny and phylogeography of the genus Patella based on mitochondrial DNA sequence data |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0022098105002248 |journal=Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology |volume=325 |issue=1 |pages=95–110 |doi=10.1016/j.jembe.2005.04.025 |bibcode=2005JEMBE.325...95S |issn=0022-0981|url-access=subscription }} As limpets under the family Patellidae, they share sister taxa with 3 other accepted genera: [[Cymbula]], [[Helcion]], and [[Scutellastra]]. ''Patella'' is characterized by their cup-shaped [[Gastropod shell|shell]] and gills, with their form of movement in waves.{{Cite web |title=Snails and Slugs (Gastropoda) |url=https://www.molluscs.at/gastropoda/index.html?/gastropoda/sea/limpets.html |access-date=2025-03-25 |website=www.molluscs.at}}

The genus of ''Patella'' are geographically found around north eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean tidal beds. Surveys conducted over the 4 genus' habitat distribution show that ''Patella'' are generally the northern most genus with the other 3 distributing along south eastern Africa towards Asia.{{Cite journal |last1=Reguera |first1=Pablo |last2=Couceiro |first2=Lucía |last3=Fernández |first3=Nuria |date=2018-02-01 |title=A review of the empirical literature on the use of limpets Patella spp. (Mollusca: Gastropoda) as bioindicators of environmental quality |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0147651317307571 |journal=Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety |volume=148 |pages=593–600 |doi=10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.11.004 |pmid=29127822 |bibcode=2018EcoES.148..593R |issn=0147-6513|url-access=subscription }}{{Cite journal |last1=Cascales-Soler |first1=Ana |last2=Ramos-Espla |first2=Alfonso Angel |last3=Forcada |first3=Aitor |date=2023-05-19 |title=Reviewing the knowledge on the genus Patella in the Mediterranean Sea: testing the effect of protection on the mean abundance and size of Patella ferruginea |journal=Frontiers in Marine Science |volume=10 |article-number=1158470 |doi=10.3389/fmars.2023.1158470 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2023FrMaS..1058470C |issn=2296-7745|hdl=10045/134685 |hdl-access=free }} They tend to be subjected to high volumes of environmental stresses and therefore act as key indicator species for the tidal coast health in those regions. As such conservation efforts along coastal regions have marked many tidal ecosystems as [[Marine protected area|Marine Protected Areas]] (MAPs), both in efforts of conserving ''Patella'' populations from overharvesting and monitoring coastal biodiversity.

The genus of ''Patella'' is geographically found around north eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean tidal beds. Surveys conducted over the 4 genera's habitat distributions show that ''Patella'' is generally the northernmost genus, with the other 3 distributing along south eastern Africa towards Asia.{{Cite journal |last1=Reguera |first1=Pablo |last2=Couceiro |first2=Lucía |last3=Fernández |first3=Nuria |date=2018-02-01 |title=A review of the empirical literature on the use of limpets Patella spp. (Mollusca: Gastropoda) as bioindicators of environmental quality |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0147651317307571 |journal=Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety |volume=148 |pages=593–600 |doi=10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.11.004 |pmid=29127822 |bibcode=2018EcoES.148..593R |issn=0147-6513|url-access=subscription }}{{Cite journal |last1=Cascales-Soler |first1=Ana |last2=Ramos-Espla |first2=Alfonso Angel |last3=Forcada |first3=Aitor |date=2023-05-19 |title=Reviewing the knowledge on the genus Patella in the Mediterranean Sea: testing the effect of protection on the mean abundance and size of Patella ferruginea |journal=Frontiers in Marine Science |volume=10 |article-number=1158470 |doi=10.3389/fmars.2023.1158470 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2023FrMaS..1058470C |issn=2296-7745|hdl=10045/134685 |hdl-access=free }} They tend to be subjected to high volumes of environmental stresses and therefore act as key indicator species for the tidal coast health in those regions. As such conservation efforts along coastal regions have marked many tidal ecosystems as [[Marine protected area|Marine Protected Areas]] (MAPs), both in efforts of conserving ''Patella'' populations from overharvesting and monitoring coastal biodiversity.

''Patella'' are important to keeping ecological balance of its habitats, through managing interactions with other organisms within its environment.{{Cite journal |last1=Halstead-Nussloch |first1=Gwyneth |last2=Signorini |first2=Silvia Giorgia |last3=Giulio |first3=Marco |last4=Crocetta |first4=Fabio |last5=Munari |first5=Marco |last6=Della Torre |first6=Camilla |last7=Weber |first7=Alexandra Anh-Thu |date=2024-04-01 |title=The genome of the rayed Mediterranean limpet Patella caerulea (Linnaeus, 1758) |url=https://academic.oup.com/gbe/article/16/4/evae070/7636691 |journal=Genome Biology and Evolution |volume=16 |issue=4 |article-number=evae070 |doi=10.1093/gbe/evae070 |issn=1759-6653 |pmc=11003540 |pmid=38546725}} The ''Patella'' genus is prone to [[marine pollution]] and is often used as a key genus upon research for marine biodiversity. Species such as ''[[Patella caerulea]]'' are used in [[bioindicator]] studies to understand [[ocean acidification]] and [[effects of climate change on oceans]].

''Patella'' are important to keeping ecological balance of its habitats, through managing interactions with other organisms within its environment.{{Cite journal |last1=Halstead-Nussloch |first1=Gwyneth |last2=Signorini |first2=Silvia Giorgia |last3=Giulio |first3=Marco |last4=Crocetta |first4=Fabio |last5=Munari |first5=Marco |last6=Della Torre |first6=Camilla |last7=Weber |first7=Alexandra Anh-Thu |date=2024-04-01 |title=The genome of the rayed Mediterranean limpet Patella caerulea (Linnaeus, 1758) |url=https://academic.oup.com/gbe/article/16/4/evae070/7636691 |journal=Genome Biology and Evolution |volume=16 |issue=4 |article-number=evae070 |doi=10.1093/gbe/evae070 |issn=1759-6653 |pmc=11003540 |pmid=38546725}} The ''Patella'' genus is prone to [[marine pollution]] and is often used as a key genus upon research for marine biodiversity. Species such as ''[[Patella caerulea]]'' are used in [[bioindicator]] studies to understand [[ocean acidification]] and [[effects of climate change on oceans]].