Nur Devlet

==Khan of Crimea==

==Khan of Crimea==

===First and second reigns===

===First and second reigns===

In August 1466, the first Khan of Crimea, [[Hacı I Giray]] died and the Crimean [[Bey|beys]] elected Nur Devlet to succeed him. His younger brother [[Meñli I Giray]] revolted. Mengli was generally supported by the Crimean nobility, while Nur Devlet was supported by the [[Great Horde|Great Horde State]]. Mengli became khan in 1467, but was quickly driven out and fled to the [[Genoese colonies|Genoese]] in [[kaffa (city)|Kaffa]]. In June 1468, a delegation of beys went to Kaffa and elected Mengli as the khan. The delegation and a Genoese detachment marched on the old capital of [[Chufut-Kale]], and in early 1469, and Nur Devlet was driven out. He fled to the [[North Caucasus]], where he was pursued, captured and then imprisoned at the Genoese fortress of [[Sudak]].The business about Sudak comes from Gaivoronsky (next note). Other sources say he went to Moscow, without details.

In August 1466, the first Khan of Crimea, [[Hacı I Giray]] died and the Crimean [[bey]]s elected Nur Devlet to succeed him. His younger brother [[Meñli I Giray]] revolted. Mengli was generally supported by the Crimean nobility, while Nur Devlet was supported by the [[Great Horde|Great Horde State]]. Mengli became khan in 1467, but was quickly driven out and fled to the [[Genoese colonies|Genoese]] in [[kaffa (city)|Kaffa]]. In June 1468, a delegation of beys went to Kaffa and elected Mengli as the khan. The delegation and a Genoese detachment marched on the old capital of [[Chufut-Kale]], and in early 1469, and Nur Devlet was driven out. He fled to the [[North Caucasus]], where he was pursued, captured and then imprisoned at the Genoese fortress of [[Sudak]].The business about Sudak comes from Gaivoronsky (next note). Other sources say he went to Moscow, without details.

===Third reign===

===Third reign===

Following the Ottoman invasion of Crimea in 1475, Mengli was captured and imprisoned in [[Istanbul]]. The Turks were more interested in expelling the Genoese than ruling Crimea. Nur Devlet was released and became khan as a vassal and tributary of the Turks.This account of the third reign is extracted from the Russian Wikipedia article on Mengli Giray which follows Oleksa Gaivoronsky,Rulers of Two Continents, Kiev-Bakhchisaray, 2007. There does not appear to be a good account in English

Following the Ottoman invasion of Crimea in 1475, Mengli was captured and imprisoned in [[Istanbul]]. The Turks were more interested in expelling the Genoese than ruling Crimea. Nur Devlet was released and became khan as a vassal and tributary of the Turks.This account of the third reign is extracted from the Russian Wikipedia article on Mengli Giray which follows Oleksa Gaivoronsky, Rulers of Two Continents, Kiev-Bakhchisaray, 2007. There does not appear to be a good account in English

Eminek was a powerful bey of the Shirin clan in eastern Crimea by the [[Kerch Peninsula]]. In 1476, his brother Hadzhike rebelled and fled to [[Ahmed Khan bin Küchük|Akhmed Khan]] of the Great Horde. Akhmed sent an army under Janibeg (son of his brother [[Mahmud bin Küchük]]), which was driven out by Emenik. In the fall of 1476, the Sultan ordered Eminek to lead 10,000 men against [[Moldavia]], where he was defeated. While he was away, Janibeg invaded Crimea and made himself khan. In 1477, Nur Devlet expelled Janibeg and regained the throne. Eminek was displeased and wrote to the sultan asking that Mengli be restored. In the spring of 1478, Mengli was released and returned with Turkish soldiers. He and Eminek drove out Nur Devlet, who fled to [[Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth]]. The Poles sent him to Kiev.

Eminek was a powerful bey of the Shirin clan in eastern Crimea by the [[Kerch Peninsula]]. In 1476, his brother Hadzhike rebelled and fled to [[Ahmed Khan bin Küchük|Akhmed Khan]] of the Great Horde. Akhmed sent an army under Janibeg (son of his brother [[Mahmud bin Küchük]]), which was driven out by Emenik. In the fall of 1476, the Sultan ordered Eminek to lead 10,000 men against [[Moldavia]], where he was defeated. While he was away, Janibeg invaded Crimea and made himself khan. In 1477, Nur Devlet expelled Janibeg and regained the throne. Eminek was displeased and wrote to the sultan asking that Mengli be restored. In the spring of 1478, Mengli was released and returned with Turkish soldiers. He and Eminek drove out Nur Devlet, who fled to [[Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth]]. The Poles sent him to Kiev.

==Sources==

==Sources==

* Alan W. Fisher, ''The Crimean Tatars'', Hoover Institution Press, Stanford California, 1987 {{ISBN|0-81-796662-5}}, p.9–11.

* Alan W. Fisher, ''The Crimean Tatars'', Hoover Institution Press, Stanford California, 1987 {{ISBN|0-81-796662-5}}, p. 9–11.

* [[Joseph von Hammer-Purgstall]], ''Histoire de l'Empire ottoman'', «Tome deuxième 1453-1494», Bellizard, Barthès, Dufour, Lowell, Paris, 1886.

* [[Joseph von Hammer-Purgstall]], ''Histoire de l'Empire ottoman'', «Tome deuxième 1453-1494», Bellizard, Barthès, Dufour, Lowell, Paris, 1886.