Non-coding RNA
Undid revision 1350246810 by Syedashfaque.123 (talk) Sounds like a quick and dirty AI response to the criticisms I raised in Talk. No mention of the dominant class of ncRNAs in complex eukaryotes.
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Recent discoveries of ncRNAs have been achieved through both experimental and [[Bioinformatics discovery of non-coding RNAs|bioinformatic methods]]. |
Recent discoveries of ncRNAs have been achieved through both experimental and [[Bioinformatics discovery of non-coding RNAs|bioinformatic methods]]. |
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==Classification== |
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Non-coding RNAs can be introduced as a heterogeneous category of ncRNAs, containing both housekeeping RNAs essential for basic transcriptional regulation apparatus and regulatory RNAs acting on gene expression.Chen LL, Kim VN. [https://www.cell.com/cell/fulltext/S0092-8674%2824%2901206-6 "Small and long non-coding RNAs: Past, present, and future"]. Cell. 2024. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2024.10.024. PMID: 39547208. |
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In the recent overviews of ncRNAs, rRNA, tRNA, and snRNA represent housekeeping ncRNAs, while regulatory RNAs include small RNAs, lncRNAs, and other subclasses of ncRNAs. The example of intermediate ncRNA could be the class of snoRNAs, whose representatives are mostly considered as small ncRNAs due to their sizes, yet participating in the processing of RNA molecules, in particular, rRNA modification.Chen LL, Kim VN. [https://www.cell.com/cell/fulltext/S0092-8674%2824%2901206-6 "Small and long non-coding RNAs: Past, present, and future"]. Cell. 2024. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2024.10.024. PMID: 39547208.[https://www.oaepublish.com/articles/jtgg.2024.12/image/fig1 "Figure 1. Classification of RNAs"]. Journal of Translational Genetics and Genomics. 2024.George TP. [https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s43042-024-00553-y "A brief review of noncoding RNA"]. Egyptian Journal of Medical Human Genetics. 2024. doi:10.1186/s43042-024-00553-y. |
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Among regulatory RNAs, miRNAs are a subclass of small RNA molecules that play repressive roles in the regulation of gene expression, piRNAs are small ncRNAs interacting with PIWI proteins and playing crucial roles in the regulation of transposable elements and maintenance of germline integrity, lncRNAs are RNA molecules without coding capacity whose lengths exceed 200 nucleotides, and circRNAs are self-ligated RNAs generated through back-splicing.George TP. [https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s43042-024-00553-y "A brief review of noncoding RNA"]. Egyptian Journal of Medical Human Genetics. 2024. doi:10.1186/s43042-024-00553-y.Patel MZ, et al. [https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/cell-and-developmental-biology/articles/10.3389/fcell.2024.1495035/full "Somatic piRNA and PIWI-mediated post-transcriptional regulation"]. Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology. 2024. doi:10.3389/fcell.2024.1495035.Hwang HJ, et al. [https://www.nature.com/articles/s12276-024-01220-3 "Molecular mechanisms of circular RNA translation"]. Experimental & Molecular Medicine. 2024. doi:10.1038/s12276-024-01220-3. |
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An extended classification may also mention the small ncRNAs that are involved in catalytic activity of ribonucleoprotein enzymes and RNA particles, including the RNA component of RNase P that catalyzes tRNA processing and SRP/7SL RNA functioning in signal recognition particle.Wang P, et al. [https://academic.oup.com/gpb/article/22/1/qzae016/7606778 "RNase P: Beyond precursor tRNA processing"]. Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics. 2024. doi:10.1093/gpbjnl/qzae016.Issa A, et al. [https://www.life-science-alliance.org/content/7/8/e202402614 "The nucleolar phase of signal recognition particle assembly"]. Life Science Alliance. 2024. doi:10.26508/lsa.202402614. |
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Finally, any modern classification of non-coding RNAs should include sRNAs as small RNA molecules, which are responsible for post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression in bacteria and often working via base-pairing with mRNA molecules.Papenfort K, Hör J. [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36944261/ "Posttranscriptional Regulons in Gram-Negative Bacteria"]. Annual Review of Microbiology. 2023;77:391-413. doi:10.1146/annurev-micro-041320-025836. PMID: 36944261. |
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==Biological roles== |
==Biological roles== |
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