Neurotropic virus

Neurotropic viruses that cause infection include [[Japanese encephalitis|Japanese Encephalitis]], [[Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus|Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis]], and [[California encephalitis virus|California encephalitis]] viruses; [[polio]], [[Coxsackie A virus|coxsackie]], [[Echovirus|echo]], [[mumps]], [[measles]], [[influenza]] and [[rabies]], as well as diseases caused by members of the family [[Herpesviridae]] such as [[herpes simplex virus|herpes simplex]], [[varicella-zoster]], [[Epstein–Barr]], [[cytomegalovirus]] and [[HHV-6]] viruses.{{cite journal |pmid=9103870 |author=Hotta H |volume=55 |issue=4 |title=神経親和性ウイルス |trans-title=Neurotropic viruses--classification, structure and characteristics |language=Japanese |date=April 1997 |journal=Nihon Rinsho |pages=777–82 |s2cid=11123404 }} All seven of the known human [[coronavirus]]es are neurotropic, the [[common cold]] viruses mainly in vulnerable populations while the more virulent [[SARS-CoV-1]], [[Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus|MERS]], and [[SARS-CoV-2]] frequently attack the nervous systems (primarily in animal models).{{cite journal |last1=Morgello |first1=Susan |title=Coronaviruses and the central nervous system |journal=Journal of Neurovirology |date=31 July 2020 |volume=26 |issue=4 |pages=459–473 |doi=10.1007/s13365-020-00868-7 |pmid=32737861 |pmc=7393812 }}

Neurotropic viruses that cause infection include [[Japanese encephalitis|Japanese Encephalitis]], [[Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus|Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis]], and [[California encephalitis virus|California encephalitis]] viruses; [[polio]], [[Coxsackie A virus|coxsackie]], [[Echovirus|echo]], [[mumps]], [[measles]], [[influenza]] and [[rabies]], as well as diseases caused by members of the family [[Herpesviridae]] such as [[herpes simplex virus|herpes simplex]], [[varicella-zoster]], [[Epstein–Barr]], [[cytomegalovirus]] and [[HHV-6]] viruses.{{cite journal |pmid=9103870 |author=Hotta H |volume=55 |issue=4 |title=神経親和性ウイルス |trans-title=Neurotropic viruses--classification, structure and characteristics |language=Japanese |date=April 1997 |journal=Nihon Rinsho |pages=777–82 |s2cid=11123404 }} All seven of the known human [[coronavirus]]es are neurotropic, the [[common cold]] viruses mainly in vulnerable populations while the more virulent [[SARS-CoV-1]], [[Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus|MERS]], and [[SARS-CoV-2]] frequently attack the nervous systems (primarily in animal models).{{cite journal |last1=Morgello |first1=Susan |title=Coronaviruses and the central nervous system |journal=Journal of Neurovirology |date=31 July 2020 |volume=26 |issue=4 |pages=459–473 |doi=10.1007/s13365-020-00868-7 |pmid=32737861 |pmc=7393812 }}

Those causing latent infection include herpes simplex and varicella-zoster viruses.{{cite journal |last1=Cohen |first1=Jeffrey I. |date=1 July 2020 |title=Herpesvirus latency |journal=Journal of Clinical Investigation |volume=130 |issue=7 |pages=3361–3369 |doi=10.1172/JCI136225 |doi-access=free |pmc=7324166 |pmid=32364538}}{{cite journal |last1=Eshleman |first1=Emily |last2=Shahzad |first2=Aamir |last3=Cohrs |first3=Randall J. |title=Varicella zoster virus latency |journal=Future Virology |volume=6 |issue=3 |pages=341–355 |date=March 2011 |doi=10.2217/fvl.10.90 |pmid=21695042 |pmc=3118253}} Those causing [[slow virus]] infection include [[measles virus]], [[rubella]] and [[JC virus|JC]] viruses, and [[retrovirus]]es such as [[human T-lymphotropic virus]] 1 and [[HIV]].{{cite journal |last1=Kalinichenko |first1=Svetlana |last2=Komkov |first2=Dmitriy |last3=Mazurov |first3=Dmitriy |title=HIV-1 and HTLV-1 Transmission Modes: Mechanisms and Importance for Virus Spread |journal=Viruses |volume=14 |issue=1 |pages=152 |date=January 2022 |doi=10.3390/v14010152 |doi-access=free |pmid=35062355 |pmc=8779814}}{{cite journal |last1=Sawaishi |first1=Y. |last2=Abe |first2=T. |last3=Yano |first3=T. |last4=Ishikawa |first4=K. |last5=Takada |first5=G. |title=SSPE following neonatal measles infection |journal=Pediatric Neurology |volume=20 |issue=1 |pages=63–65 |date=January 1999 |doi=10.1016/S0887-8994(98)00100-3 |pmid=10029264}}{{cite journal |last1=Saribaş |first1=A. Sami |last2=Özdemir |first2=Ahmet |last3=Lam |first3=Cathy |last4=Safak |first4=Mahmut |title=JC virus-induced Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy |journal=Future Virology |volume=5 |issue=3 |pages=313–323 |date=May 2010 |doi=10.2217/fvl.10.12 |pmid=21731577 |pmc=3128336}}{{cite journal |last1=Weil |first1=M. L. |last2=Itabashi |first2=H. H. |last3=Cremer |first3=N. E. |last4=Oshiro |first4=L. S. |last5=Lennette |first5=E. H. |last6=Carnay |first6=L. |title=Chronic progressive panencephalitis due to rubella virus simulating subacute sclerosing panencephalitis |journal=New England Journal of Medicine |volume=292 |issue=19 |pages=994–998 |date=8 May 1975 |doi=10.1056/NEJM197505082921903 |pmid=47149}}

Those causing latent infection include herpes simplex and varicella-zoster viruses. Those causing [[slow virus]] infection include [[measles virus]], [[rubella]] and [[JC virus|JC]] viruses, and [[retrovirus]]es such as [[human T-lymphotropic virus]] 1 and [[HIV]].{{cn|date=April 2023}}

== Research use ==

== Research use ==