National Center for Biotechnology Information

=== Further Developments ===

=== Further Developments ===

In 1994, the NCBI established a website to allow online access to their services, namely the BLAST tool (introduced by the NCBI in 1990) to find similarities between DNA sequences or amino acid sequences, the GenBank database of DNA and amino acid sequences, and the Entrez system which allows searching of the NCBI various biomedical databases. The NCBI would later go on in 2000 to host access to the human genome, mapped by the Human Genome Project, as well as PubMed Central, a free online archive of biomedical literature from scientific journals. The US Congress would later mandate in 2008 that papers resulting from research provided by NIH funding featured in scientific journals be made available publicly on PubMed within 12 months of publication, further broadening the articles hosted by PubMed{{Citation |last=Smith |first=Kent |title=A Brief History of NCBI’s Formation and Growth |date=2013 |work=The NCBI Handbook [Internet]. 2nd edition |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK148949/ |access-date=2026-04-21 |publisher=National Center for Biotechnology Information (US) |language=en}}.

In 1994, the NCBI established a website to allow online access to their services, namely the BLAST tool (introduced by the NCBI in 1990) to find similarities between DNA sequences or amino acid sequences, the GenBank database of DNA and amino acid sequences, and the Entrez system which allows searching of the NCBI various biomedical databases. The NCBI would later go on in 2000 to host access to the human genome, mapped by the Human Genome Project, as well as PubMed Central, a free online archive of biomedical literature from scientific journals. The US Congress would later mandate in 2008 that papers resulting from research provided by NIH funding featured in scientific journals be made available publicly on PubMed within 12 months of publication, further broadening the articles hosted by PubMed{{Citation |last=Smith |first=Kent |title=A Brief History of NCBI’s Formation and Growth |date=2013 |work=The NCBI Handbook [Internet]. 2nd edition |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK148949/ |access-date=2026-04-21 |publisher=National Center for Biotechnology Information (US) |language=en}}. {{clear}}

== Key NCBI resources ==

[[File:NCBI_Website.png|thumb|Homepage of the NCBI website showing access to major databases and tools, including the “Popular Resources” panel and navigation menu]]

The [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ NCBI website] provides a wide range of databases and tools for Biomedical and genomic research.

* [[PubMed]]. A database for searching for citations and abstracts of various biomedical research literature.

* [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/ Bookshelf]. A collection of books on life science and healthcare.

* [[PubMed Central]](PMC). A free full-text archive for biomedical and life sciences journal literature that can be used for research, publishing, and text mining.

* [[BLAST (biotechnology)| Blast]]. A tool used to find similarities between biological sequences.

* [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/ Nucleotide Database]. A database of [[nucleotide]] sequences from sources like GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.

* [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/ Protein Database]. A database of [[protein]] sequences, including translations from annotated coding regions in the GenBank, RefSeq, and TPA, as well as records from Swissport, PIR, PRF, and PDB.

* [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/datasets/genome/ Genome Database]. A database that gives you access to over 3.45 million [[Genome|genomes]] as of 2026.

* [[dbSNP]]. A database that contains human single-nucleotide variations, microsatellites, small-scale insertions, and deletions.

* [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/ Gene Database]. A database that has information about [[Gene| genes]] across species.

* [[PubChem]]. A database of freely accessible chemical information, like chemical and physical properties, biological activities, safety and toxicity information, patents, literature citations, and more.

* [[Sequence Read Archive]] (SRA) stores sequencing data from the next generation of sequencing platforms, including Roche 454 GS System, Illumina Genome Analyzer, Life Technologies AB SOLiD System, Helicos Biosciences Heliscope, Complete Genomics, and Pacific Biosciences SMRT.

* [[ClinVar]]. A database that aggregates information about genomic variations and their relationship to human health.

A complete list of available resources can be found on the All-Resources page.{{Cite web |title=All Resources - Site Guide - NCBI |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/guide/all/ |access-date=2026-04-20 |website=www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov}}.

==NCBI Bookshelf==

==NCBI Bookshelf==