Musaylima
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{{Short description|7th-century Arabian claimant of prophethood}} |
{{Short description|7th-century Arabian claimant of prophethood}} |
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{{Infobox person |
{{Infobox person |
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| image = Balami - Tarikhnama - The death of Musaylima at the hand of the Ethiopian Slave Wahshi (cropped).jpg |
| image = Balami - Tarikhnama - The death of Musaylima at the hand of the Ethiopian Slave Wahshi (cropped).jpg |
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| image_size = |
| image_size = |
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| caption = |
| caption = Miniature depicting the killing scene of Musaylima at the hands of [[Wahshi ibn Harb]]; from a manuscript of ''[[Tarikhnama]]'' |
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| native_name = |
| native_name = مسيلمة |
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| native_name_lang = ar |
| native_name_lang = ar |
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| pronunciation = |
| pronunciation = |
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| father = Habib |
| father = Habib |
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}} |
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'''Musaylima''' ( |
'''Musaylima''' ({{langx|ar|مسيلمة}}, full name '''Muslima ibn Habib al-Hanafi'''; died 632){{efn|otherwise known as '''Abū Thumāma Musaylima ibn Ḥabīb''' ({{langx|ar|أبو ثمامة مسيلمة ابن حبيب}}){{Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition|volume=7|title=Musaylima|page(s)=664-665|first=William Montgomery|last=Watt|authorlink=W. Montgomery Watt|url=https://referenceworks.brill.com/display/entries/EIEO/SIM-5580.xml?rskey=tLlgcx}} or '''Musaylima ibn Thumāma ibn Kabīr ibn Ḥabīb''' ({{langx|ar|مسيلمة بن ثمامة بن كثير بن حبيب }}){{Cite encyclopedia |title=Musaylima |encyclopedia=Encyclopaedia of the Qur'ān |url=https://ia801303.us.archive.org/17/items/encyclopediaKURAN_vol3/encyclopediaKURAN_vol3.pdf |last=Kister |first=Meir Jacob |author-link=Meir Jacob Kister |pages=460-463}}}} was a claimant of prophethood{{cite journal |first=D. S. |last=Margoliouth |author-link=David Samuel Margoliouth |title=On the Origin and Import of the Names Muslim and Ḥanīf |journal=Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland |volume=5 |year=1903 |pages=467–493 |doi=10.1017/S0035869X00030744 |jstor=25208542 |s2cid=162441218 |url=https://zenodo.org/record/1647164 }}{{cite book |last=Beliaev |first=E. A. |title=Arabs, Islam and Arabian Khalifat in the middle ages |edition=2nd |location=Moscow |year=1966 |pages=103–108 }}{{cite book |last=Petrushevskii |first=I. P. |title=Islam in Iran in VII–XV centuries |location=Leningrad |year=1966 |pages=13–14 }} from the [[Banu Hanifa]] tribe.{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Q_-hrXU-mWYC&pg=PA61|title=A Brief History of Iraq|last1=Fattah|first1=Hala Mundhir|last2=Caso|first2=Frank|date=2009|publisher=Infobase Publishing|isbn=9780816057672|language=en}}{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GAxh0K8-BVgC&pg=PA264|title=Critical Lives: Muhammad|last=Emerick|first=Yahiya|date=2002-04-01|publisher=Penguin|isbn=9781440650130|language=en}} Based from [[Diriyah]] in present-day [[Riyadh|Riyadh, Saudi Arabia]], he claimed to be a [[prophet]] and was an enemy of Islam in 7th-century Arabia. He was a leader of the enemies of Islam during the [[Ridda wars]].{{cite book |author=John Bagot Glubb |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AmbdpwAACAAJ |title=The Great Arab Conquest |publisher=Hodder and Stoughton |year=1963 |pages=112}} He is considered by [[Muslims]] to be a [[false prophet]].{{Cite book | last =Ibn Kathīr | first =Ismāʻīl ibn ʻUmar | author-link =Ibn Kathir | year =2000 | title =al-Miṣbāḥ al-munīr fī tahdhīb tafsīr Ibn Kathīr | volume =1 | place =Riyadh, Saʻudi Arabia | publisher =Darussalam | page =68 | editor=Ṣafī al-Raḥmān Mubārakfūrī | editor-link=Ṣafī al-Raḥmān Mubārakfūrī }} He is commonly called '''Musaylima al-Kadhab''' ({{langx|ar|مسيلمة الكذاب|lit=Musaylima the Arch-Liar|label=none}}) by Muslims. Musaylima was said to have composed in [[saj'|''saj''']], a type of rhymed prose that was common in pre-Islamic artistic speech.{{Sfn|Gelder|2012}} |
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==Etymology== |
==Etymology== |
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==Early life== |
==Early life== |
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Musaylima was the son of Habib, of the tribe [[Banu Hanifa]], one of the largest tribes of Arabia that inhabited the region of [[Najd]]. The Banu Hanifa were a [[ |
Musaylima was the son of Habib, of the tribe [[Banu Hanifa]], one of the largest tribes of Arabia that inhabited the region of [[Najd]]. The Banu Hanifa were a [[Monotheism in pre-Islamic Arabia|monotheist]] branch of [[Banu Bakr]] and led an independent existence prior to [[Islam]].{{cite book |title=The Qur'an and the Aramaic Gospel Traditions |first=Emran |last=El-Badawi |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iIhiAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA69 |page=69 |year=2013 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=9781317929338 }} |
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Among the first accounts of him describe events in the late 9th [[Hijri year|Hijri]], the Year of Delegations, when he accompanied a delegation of his tribe to [[Medina]]. The delegation included two other prominent Muslims. They would later help Musaylima rise to power and save their tribe from destruction. These men were Nahar Ar-Rajjal |
Among the first accounts of him describe events in the late 9th [[Hijri year|Hijri]], the Year of Delegations, when he accompanied a delegation of his tribe to [[Medina]]. The delegation included two other prominent Muslims. They would later help Musaylima rise to power and save their tribe from destruction. These men were Nahar Ar-Rajjal ibn Unfuwa{{sfn|Ibn Kathir|2000|p=69}} and Muja'a ibn Marara. In Medina, the deputation stayed with the daughter of al-Harith, a woman of the [[Ansar (Islam)|Ansar]] from the [[Banu Najjar]]. When the delegation arrived at Medina the camels were tied at a traveler's camp, and Musaylima remained there to look after them while the other delegates went in. |
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They had talks with [[Muhammad]]. The delegation before their departure embraced Islam and renounced [[Christianity]] without compunction. As was his custom, Muhammad presented gifts to the delegates, and when they had received their gifts one said, "We left one of our comrades in the camp to look after our mounts." |
They had talks with [[Muhammad]]. The delegation before their departure embraced Islam and renounced [[Christianity]] without compunction. As was his custom, Muhammad presented gifts to the delegates, and when they had received their gifts one said, "We left one of our comrades in the camp to look after our mounts." |
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