Mikhail Bakunin

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'''Mikhail Alexandrovich Bakunin'''{{efn|{{IPAc-en|b|ə|ˈ|k|uː|n|ɪ|n}} {{respell|bə|KOO|nin}};[http://www.thefreedictionary.com/bakunin "Bakunin"]. ''[[Random House Kernerman Webster's College Dictionary]]''. 2010. {{lang-rus|Михаи́л Алекса́ндрович Баку́нин|p=mʲɪxɐˈil ɐlʲɪkˈsandrəvʲɪdʑ‿bɐˈkunʲɪn}}; sometimes anglicized to '''Michael Bakunin''' in older literature.}} ({{OldStyleDate|30 May|1814|18 May}} – 1 July 1876) was a Russian [[revolutionary anarchist]] and [[political philosopher]]. He is among the most influential figures of anarchism and a major figure in the [[revolutionary socialist]], [[social anarchist]],{{citation|last=Masters|first=Anthony|year=1974|title=Bakunin, the Father of Anarchism|publisher=Saturday Review Press|isbn=0841502951}} and [[collectivist anarchist]] traditions. Bakunin's prestige as a revolutionary also made him one of the most famous ideologues in Europe, gaining substantial influence among radicals throughout Russia and Europe.

'''Mikhail Alexandrovich Bakunin'''{{efn|{{IPAc-en|b|ə|ˈ|k|uː|n|ɪ|n}} {{respell|bə|KOO|nin}};[http://www.thefreedictionary.com/bakunin "Bakunin"]. ''[[Random House Kernerman Webster's College Dictionary]]''. 2010. {{lang-rus|Михаи́л Алекса́ндрович Баку́нин|p=mʲɪxɐˈil ɐlʲɪkˈsandrəvʲɪdʑ‿bɐˈkunʲɪn}}; sometimes anglicized to '''Michael Bakunin''' in older literature.}} ({{OldStyleDate|30 May|1814|18 May}} – 1 July 1876) was a Russian [[revolutionary anarchist]] and [[political philosopher]]. He is among the most influential figures of anarchism and a major figure in the [[revolutionary socialist]], [[social anarchist]],{{citation|last=Masters|first=Anthony|year=1974|title=Bakunin, the Father of Anarchism|publisher=Saturday Review Press|isbn=0841502951}} and [[collectivist anarchist]] tendencies. Bakunin's prestige as a revolutionary also made him one of the most famous ideologues in Europe, gaining substantial influence among radicals throughout Russia and Europe.

Bakunin grew up in [[Kuvshinovsky District|Pryamukhino]], a family estate in the [[Tver Governorate]]. From 1840, he studied in [[Moscow]], then in [[Berlin]], hoping to enter academia. Later in [[Paris]], he met [[Karl Marx]] and [[Pierre-Joseph Proudhon]], who deeply influenced him. Bakunin's increasing radicalism ended hopes of a professorial career. He was expelled from France for opposing the [[Russian Empire]]'s [[Poland-Russia relations#Muscovy and Russian Empire|occupation of Poland]]. After participating in the [[Prague Uprising of 1848|1848 Prague]] and [[1849 Dresden uprising|1849 Dresden]] uprisings, Bakunin was imprisoned, tried, sentenced to death, and extradited multiple times. Finally, [[exile]]d to [[History of Siberia#Russian Empire|Siberia]] in 1857, he escaped via Japan to the United States and then to [[London]], where he worked with [[Alexander Herzen]] on the journal ''Kolokol'' (''The Bell''). In 1863, Bakunin left to join the [[January Uprising|insurrection in Poland]], but he failed to reach it and instead spent time in Switzerland and Italy.

Bakunin grew up in [[Kuvshinovsky District|Pryamukhino]], a family estate in the [[Tver Governorate]]. From 1840, he studied in [[Moscow]], then in [[Berlin]], hoping to enter academia. Later in [[Paris]], he met [[Karl Marx]] and [[Pierre-Joseph Proudhon]], who deeply influenced him. Bakunin's increasing radicalism ended hopes of a professorial career. He was expelled from France for opposing the [[Russian Empire]]'s [[Poland-Russia relations#Muscovy and Russian Empire|occupation of Poland]]. After participating in the [[Prague Uprising of 1848|1848 Prague]] and [[1849 Dresden uprising|1849 Dresden]] uprisings, Bakunin was imprisoned, tried, sentenced to death, and extradited multiple times. Finally, [[exile]]d to [[History of Siberia#Russian Empire|Siberia]] in 1857, he escaped via Japan to the United States and then to [[London]], where he worked with [[Alexander Herzen]] on the journal ''Kolokol'' (''The Bell''). In 1863, Bakunin left to join the [[January Uprising|insurrection in Poland]], but he failed to reach it and instead spent time in Switzerland and Italy.