Metacognition

==Definitions==

==Definitions==

{{Cognitive}}

{{Cognitive}}

This higher-level cognition was given the label metacognition by American developmental psychologist [[John H. Flavell]] (1976).{{Cite web|date=2013-04-19|title=What is Metacognition?|url=https://www.psychologynoteshq.com/metacognition/|access-date=2020-10-18|website=The Psychology Notes Headquarters|language=en-US}}

This higher-level cognition was given the label metacognition by American developmental psychologist [[John H. Flavell]] (1979).{{Cite web|date=2013-04-19|title=What is Metacognition?|url=https://www.psychologynoteshq.com/metacognition/|access-date=2020-10-18|website=The Psychology Notes Headquarters|language=en-US}}

The term metacognition literally means 'above cognition', and is used to indicate cognition about cognition, or more informally, thinking about thinking. Flavell defined metacognition as knowledge about cognition and control of cognition. For example, a person is engaging in metacognition if they notice that they are having more trouble learning A than B, or if it strikes them that they should double-check C before accepting it as fact. J. H. Flavell (1976, p. 232). [[Andreas Demetriou]]'s theory (one of the [[neo-Piagetian theories of cognitive development]]) used the term hyper-cognition to refer to self-monitoring, self-representation, and self-regulation processes, which are regarded as integral components of the human mind.{{cite journal |last1=Demetriou |first1=Andreas |last2=Efklides |first2=Anastasia |last3=Platsidou |first3=Maria |last4=Campbell |first4=Robert L. |title=The Architecture and Dynamics of Developing Mind: Experiential Structuralism as a Frame for Unifying Cognitive Developmental Theories |journal=Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development |date=1993 |volume=58 |issue=5/6 |pages=i–202 |doi=10.2307/1166053 |jstor=1166053 }} Moreover, with his colleagues, he showed that these processes participate in general [[intelligence]], together with processing efficiency and reasoning, which have traditionally been considered to compose [[fluid intelligence]].{{cite journal|last1 =Demetriou|first1 = A.|last2 = Kazi|first2 = S.|year = 2006|title = Self-awareness in g (with processing efficiency and reasoning)|journal=Intelligence|volume = 34|issue =3|pages = 297–317|doi=10.1016/j.intell.2005.10.002}}{{cite book |first1=Nick |last1=Shannon |first2=Bruno |last2=Frischherz |title=Metathinking |series=Management for Professionals |date=2020 |doi=10.1007/978-3-030-41064-3 |isbn=978-3-030-41063-6 }}{{pn|date=January 2026}}

The term metacognition literally means 'above cognition', and is used to indicate cognition about cognition, or more informally, thinking about thinking. Flavell defined metacognition as knowledge about cognition and control of cognition. For example, a person is engaging in metacognition if they notice that they are having more trouble learning A than B, or if it strikes them that they should double-check C before accepting it as fact. J. H. Flavell (1976, p. 232). [[Andreas Demetriou]]'s theory (one of the [[neo-Piagetian theories of cognitive development]]) used the term hyper-cognition to refer to self-monitoring, self-representation, and self-regulation processes, which are regarded as integral components of the human mind.{{cite journal |last1=Demetriou |first1=Andreas |last2=Efklides |first2=Anastasia |last3=Platsidou |first3=Maria |last4=Campbell |first4=Robert L. |title=The Architecture and Dynamics of Developing Mind: Experiential Structuralism as a Frame for Unifying Cognitive Developmental Theories |journal=Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development |date=1993 |volume=58 |issue=5/6 |pages=i–202 |doi=10.2307/1166053 |jstor=1166053 }} Moreover, with his colleagues, he showed that these processes participate in general [[intelligence]], together with processing efficiency and reasoning, which have traditionally been considered to compose [[fluid intelligence]].{{cite journal|last1 =Demetriou|first1 = A.|last2 = Kazi|first2 = S.|year = 2006|title = Self-awareness in g (with processing efficiency and reasoning)|journal=Intelligence|volume = 34|issue =3|pages = 297–317|doi=10.1016/j.intell.2005.10.002}}{{cite book |first1=Nick |last1=Shannon |first2=Bruno |last2=Frischherz |title=Metathinking |series=Management for Professionals |date=2020 |doi=10.1007/978-3-030-41064-3 |isbn=978-3-030-41063-6 }}{{pn|date=January 2026}}