Maréchaussée

====Provostal tribunals====

====Provostal tribunals====

The tribunals were seated at the {{ill|Marble table (France)|fr|Table de marbre|lt=marble table|v=sup}}{{efn|name="marble table"}}{{sfn|Bély|2003|p=1198}}{{sfn|Paresys|2004|p=PT303}} in the Palais de Justice in Paris during the late 14th century under [[Charles V of France|Charles V]] in part through his June 1373 edict.{{sfn|Larrieu|2002}}{{sfn|Lorgnier|1994|pages=3-4}}{{sfn|Ferry|2016|page=250}}{{sfn|Secousse|1736|pages=616-8}} After the betrayal of [[Louis, Count of Saint-Pol#War against the King|Constable Louis, Count of Saint-Pol]] in 1475, then-king [[Louis XI]] removed the oft-vacant post of Constable from the head of the constabulary and moved the resolution of points of honor to the Court of Marshals.{{sfn|Lorgnier|1994|page=4}}{{sfn|Ferry|2016|page=250}} Sometime thereafter, the courts merged under the name of {{ill|Constabulary and Marshalcy Tribunal|fr|Cour de la Connétablie et Maréchaussée de France|v=sup}}, which name was retained even after the post of Constable was abolished in 1627.{{sfn|Larrieu|2002}}{{sfn|Lorgnier|1994|page=4}}{{sfn|Ferry|2016|page=250}} In this new court, the marshals rendered sentences alone.{{sfn|Lorgnier|1994|page=4}}

The tribunals were seated at the {{ill|Marble table (France)|fr|Table de marbre|lt=marble table|v=sup}}{{efn|name="marble table"}}{{sfn|Bély|2003|p=1198}}{{sfn|Paresys|2004|p=PT303}} in the Palais de Justice in Paris during the late 14th century under [[Charles V of France|Charles V]] in part through his June 1373 edict.{{sfn|Larrieu|2002}}{{sfn|Lorgnier|1994|pages=3-4}}{{sfn|Ferry|2016|page=250}}{{sfn|Secousse|1736|pages=616-8}} After the betrayal of [[Louis, Count of Saint-Pol#War against the King|Constable Louis, Count of Saint-Pol]] in 1475, then-king [[Louis XI]] removed the oft-vacant post of Constable from the head of the constabulary and moved the resolution of points of honor to the Court of Marshals.{{sfn|Lorgnier|1994|page=4}}{{sfn|Ferry|2016|page=250}} Sometime thereafter, the courts merged under the name of {{ill|Constabulary and Marshalcy Tribunal|fr|Cour de la Connétablie et Maréchaussée|v=sup}}, which name was retained even after the post of Constable was abolished in 1627.{{sfn|Larrieu|2002}}{{sfn|Lorgnier|1994|page=4}}{{sfn|Ferry|2016|page=250}} In this new court, the marshals rendered sentences alone.{{sfn|Lorgnier|1994|page=4}}

The provosts' ambit expanded to include policing vagabonds and rendering justice in the provinces.{{sfn|Ferry|2016|page=250}} Their decisions could be appealed to the marshals and the Constable.{{sfn|Ferry|2016|page=250}} In the 14th century, only one marshal and marshal's provost existed until around 1357, when war and unrest began to increase their numbers through the 15th century.{{sfn|provostsGendarmerie}} Six provosts of marshals and up to 300 {{lang|fr|archers}}{{hairspace}}{{efn|name="archer"}} for the marshals and Constable would be recorded by the start of the reign of [[Francis I of France|King Francis I]] in the early 16th century.{{sfn|provostsGendarmerie}}

The provosts' ambit expanded to include policing vagabonds and rendering justice in the provinces.{{sfn|Ferry|2016|page=250}} Their decisions could be appealed to the marshals and the Constable.{{sfn|Ferry|2016|page=250}} In the 14th century, only one marshal and marshal's provost existed until around 1357, when war and unrest began to increase their numbers through the 15th century.{{sfn|provostsGendarmerie}} Six provosts of marshals and up to 300 {{lang|fr|archers}}{{hairspace}}{{efn|name="archer"}} for the marshals and Constable would be recorded by the start of the reign of [[Francis I of France|King Francis I]] in the early 16th century.{{sfn|provostsGendarmerie}}

{{efn|name="livre tournoi"|''[[Livre tournois|''Livres tournois'']]''' (sometimes, '''{{lang|fr|LT}}'''){{snd}}The equivalent of 20 [[Sou (French coin)|sous]], from 1640 to 1795, or one tenth of a [[Louis d'Or]].}}

{{efn|name="livre tournoi"|''[[Livre tournois|''Livres tournois'']]''' (sometimes, '''{{lang|fr|LT}}'''){{snd}}The equivalent of 20 [[Sou (French coin)|sous]], from 1640 to 1795, or one tenth of a [[Louis d'Or]].}}

{{efn|name="marble table"|'''marble table'''{{snd}}under the Ancien Régime, the {{ill|Marble table (France)|fr|Tables de marbre|lt=marble tables|v=sup}} were superior jurisdictions in the {{ill|Administration of Waterways and Forests in France|fr|Administration des Eaux et Forêts en France|lt=Administration of Waterways and Forests|v=sup}}. They take their name from the large marble table in the great hall of the [[Palais de Justice, Paris]] where the [[Constable of France]], the [[Admiral of France]] and the Grand Master of Waterways and Forests exercised their office. The table was destroyed by fire in 1618.}}

{{efn|name="marble table"|'''marble table'''{{snd}}under the Ancien Régime, the {{ill|Marble table (France)|fr|Tables de marbre|lt=marble tables|v=sup}} were superior jurisdictions in the {{ill|Administration of Waterways and Forests in France|fr|Administration des Eaux et Forêts|lt=Administration of Waterways and Forests|v=sup}}. They take their name from the large marble table in the great hall of the [[Palais de Justice, Paris]] where the [[Constable of France]], the [[Admiral of France]] and the Grand Master of Waterways and Forests exercised their office. The table was destroyed by fire in 1618.}}

{{efn|name="police and justice"|The notions of "police" and "justice" did not have the same meaning at that time as they do today. Policing functions were part of the justice system and were its executive body. See [[#CITEREFBrouillet2013|Brouillet (2013)]].}} Kings, lords and high dignitaries rendered justice.

{{efn|name="police and justice"|The notions of "police" and "justice" did not have the same meaning at that time as they do today. Policing functions were part of the justice system and were its executive body. See [[#CITEREFBrouillet2013|Brouillet (2013)]].}} Kings, lords and high dignitaries rendered justice.