Louis VII of France

| predecessor = [[Louis VI of France|Louis VI]]

| predecessor = [[Louis VI of France|Louis VI]]

| successor = [[Philip II of France|Philip II]]

| successor = [[Philip II of France|Philip II]]

| birth_date = {{birth year|1120}}

| birth_date = {{birth date text|1120}}

| birth_place =

| birth_place =

| death_date = {{death date and age|18 September 1180|1120|df=y}}

| death_date = {{death date and age|18 September 1180|1120|df=y}}

[[File:RaymondOfPoitiersWelcomingLouisVIIinAntioch.JPG|thumb|upright=1.2|[[Raymond of Poitiers]] welcoming Louis VII in [[Antioch]] (15th-century illustration)]]

[[File:RaymondOfPoitiersWelcomingLouisVIIinAntioch.JPG|thumb|upright=1.2|[[Raymond of Poitiers]] welcoming Louis VII in [[Antioch]] (15th-century illustration)]]

After this battle, Louis refused to travel by land any further and boarded ships at [[Antalya]]. He finally reached Antioch in March 1148. His queen Eleanor supported her uncle, [[Raymond of Poitiers]], and prevailed upon Louis to help Antioch against Aleppo. But Louis' interest lay in Jerusalem, and so he slipped out of Antioch in secret and went to [[Jerusalem]].{{sfn|Hodgson|2007|pp=131–134}} He united with King Conrad III of Germany and King [[Baldwin III of Jerusalem]] to lay [[Siege of Damascus (1148)|siege to Damascus]]; this ended in disaster and the campaign was abandoned after just four days.{{sfn|Berry|1969|p=507{{endash}}510}} Louis decided to leave the Holy Land, despite the protests of Eleanor, who still wanted to help her doomed uncle Raymond, after Easter of 1149. Departing from [[Acre, Israel|Acre]], he returned to France via Italy, and after visiting [[Roger II of Sicily]] and [[Pope Eugene III]],{{sfn|Berry|1969|p=511}} crossed the Alps and reached Paris in November.{{sfn|Marvin|2019|p=38-43}}

After this battle, Louis refused to travel by land any further and boarded ships at [[Antalya]]. He finally reached Antioch in March 1148. His queen Eleanor supported her uncle, [[Raymond of Poitiers]], and prevailed upon Louis to help Antioch against Aleppo. But Louis' interest lay in Jerusalem, and so he slipped out of Antioch in secret and went to [[Jerusalem]].{{sfn|Hodgson|2007|pp=131–134}} He united with King Conrad III of Germany and King [[Baldwin III of Jerusalem]] to lay [[Siege of Damascus (1148)|siege to Damascus]]; this ended in disaster and the campaign was abandoned after just four days.{{sfn|Berry|1969|p=507{{endash}}510}} Louis decided to leave the Holy Land, despite the protests of Eleanor, who still wanted to help her doomed uncle Raymond, after Easter of 1149. Departing from [[Acre, Israel|Acre]], he returned to France via Italy, and after visiting [[Roger II of Sicily]] and [[Pope Eugene III]],{{sfn|Berry|1969|p=511}} crossed the Alps and reached Paris in November.{{sfn|Marvin|2019|pp=38–43}}

==A shift in the status quo==

==A shift in the status quo==

==Diplomacy==

==Diplomacy==

{{more citations needed section|date=September 2016}}

{{more citations needed section|date=September 2016}}

Louis' reign saw [[Holy Roman Emperor]] [[Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor|Frederick I]] press his claims to [[Arles]], in southeastern France. When a [[papal schism]] broke out in 1159, Louis took the side of [[Pope Alexander III]], the enemy of Frederick I, and after two comical failures of Frederick I to meet Louis at [[Saint-Jean-de-Losne]] (on 29 August and 22 September 1162), Louis definitely gave himself up to the cause of Alexander III, who lived at [[Sens]] from 1163 to 1165. In return for his loyal support, the pope bestowed upon Louis the [[Golden Rose]].

Louis' reign saw [[Holy Roman Emperor]] [[Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor|Frederick I]] press his claims to [[Arles]], in southeastern France. When a [[papal schism]] broke out in 1159, Louis took the side of [[Pope Alexander III]], the enemy of Frederick I, and after two comical failures of Frederick I to meet Louis at [[Saint-Jean-de-Losne]] (on 29 August and 22 September 1162), Louis definitely gave himself up to the cause of Alexander III, who lived at [[Sens]] from 1163 to 1165. In return for his loyal support, the pope bestowed upon Louis the [[Golden Rose]].{{EB1911|inline=y|wstitle=Louis VII. of France|volume=17|page=36|first=James Thomson|last=Shotwell|author-link=James T. Shotwell}}

[[File:Becket and the kings part - Becket Leaves (c.1220-1240), f. 2v - BL Loan MS 88.jpg|thumb|upright=1.5|right|[[Thomas Becket]] leaves Louis VII and Henry II in January 1169, illustration from c. 1220–1240, possibly by [[Matthew Paris]]]]

[[File:Becket and the kings part - Becket Leaves (c.1220-1240), f. 2v - BL Loan MS 88.jpg|thumb|upright=1.5|right|[[Thomas Becket]] leaves Louis VII and Henry II in January 1169, illustration from c. 1220–1240, possibly by [[Matthew Paris]]]]

{{commons category|Louis VII of France}}

{{commons category|Louis VII of France}}

{{refbegin|30em}}

{{refbegin|30em}}

* {{Cite book |last=Baldwin |first=John W. |title=A Companion to Chrétien de Troyes |date=2005 |publisher=DS Brewer |editor-last=Lacy |editor-first=Norris J. |editor-link=Norris J. Lacy |chapter=Chrétien in History |editor-last2=Grimbert |editor-first2=Joan Tasker |authorlink=John W. Baldwin}}

* {{Cite book |last=Baldwin |first=John W. |title=A Companion to Chrétien de Troyes |date=2005 |publisher=DS Brewer |editor-last=Lacy |editor-first=Norris J. |editor-link=Norris J. Lacy |chapter=Chrétien in History |editor-last2=Grimbert |editor-first2=Joan Tasker |author-link=John W. Baldwin}}

* {{Cite book |title=A History of the Crusades |date=1969 |publisher=University of Wisconsin Press |editor-last1=Baldwin |editor-first1=Marshall W. |volume=I: The First Hundred Years |editor-last2=Setton |editor-first2=Kenneth M. |editor-link2=Kenneth Setton}}

* {{Cite book |title=A History of the Crusades |date=1969 |publisher=University of Wisconsin Press |editor-last1=Baldwin |editor-first1=Marshall W. |volume=I: The First Hundred Years |editor-last2=Setton |editor-first2=Kenneth M. |editor-link2=Kenneth Setton}}

**{{harvc |c=The Second Crusade |first=Virginia G. |last=Berry |in1=Baldwin |in2=Setton |year=1969 |pages=463{{endash}}512 }}

**{{harvc |c=The Second Crusade |first=Virginia G. |last=Berry |in1=Baldwin |in2=Setton |year=1969 |pages=463{{endash}}512 }}

* {{Cite book |title=Louis VII and his World |date=2018 |publisher=Brill |editor-last=Bardot |editor-first=Michael L. |editor-last2=Marvin |editor-first2=Laurence W.}}

* {{Cite book |title=Louis VII and his World |date=2018 |publisher=Brill |editor-last=Bardot |editor-first=Michael L. |editor-last2=Marvin |editor-first2=Laurence W.}}

* {{Cite book |last=Bisson |first=Thomas N. |title=The Crisis of the Twelfth Century: Power, Lordship, and the Origins of European Government |date=2009 |publisher=Princeton University Press}}

* {{Cite book |last=Bisson |first=Thomas N. |title=The Crisis of the Twelfth Century: Power, Lordship, and the Origins of European Government |date=2009 |publisher=Princeton University Press}}

* {{Cite book |last=Bradbury |first=Jim |title=The Capetians: Kings of France 987–1328 |date=2007 |publisher=Hambledon Continuum |authorlink=Jim Bradbury}}

* {{Cite book |last=Bradbury |first=Jim |title=The Capetians: Kings of France 987–1328 |date=2007 |publisher=Hambledon Continuum |author-link=Jim Bradbury}}

* {{Cite book |last=Brown |first=Elizabeth A. R. |title="Franks, Burgundians, and Aquitanians" and the Royal Coronation Ceremony in France |date=1992 |publisher=The American Philosophical Society |isbn=978-0-871-69827-8 |ol=1748828M |authorlink=Elizabeth A. R. Brown}}

* {{Cite book |last=Brown |first=Elizabeth A. R. |title="Franks, Burgundians, and Aquitanians" and the Royal Coronation Ceremony in France |date=1992 |publisher=The American Philosophical Society |isbn=978-0-871-69827-8 |ol=1748828M |author-link=Elizabeth A. R. Brown}}

* {{Cite book |last=Dunbabin |first=Jean |title=France in the Making, 943–1180 |date=1985 |publisher=Oxford University Press |authorlink=Jean Dunbabin}}

* {{Cite book |last=Dunbabin |first=Jean |title=France in the Making, 943–1180 |date=1985 |publisher=Oxford University Press |author-link=Jean Dunbabin}}

* {{Cite book |last=Dunbabin |first=Jean |title=Henry II: New Interpretations |date=2007 |publisher=The Boydell Press |editor-last=Harper-Bill |editor-first=Christopher |editor-link=Christopher Harper-Bill |chapter=Henry II and Louis VII |editor-last2=Vincent |editor-first2=Nicholas}}

* {{Cite book |last=Dunbabin |first=Jean |title=Henry II: New Interpretations |date=2007 |publisher=The Boydell Press |editor-last=Harper-Bill |editor-first=Christopher |editor-link=Christopher Harper-Bill |chapter=Henry II and Louis VII |editor-last2=Vincent |editor-first2=Nicholas}}

* {{cite book |chapter=Chapter VIII: Literature |first=Lucien |last=Foulet |pages=275–329 |title=Medieval France: A Companion to French Studies |editor-first=Arthur Augustus |editor-last=Tilley |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=1922 }}

* {{cite book |chapter=Chapter VIII: Literature |first=Lucien |last=Foulet |pages=275–329 |title=Medieval France: A Companion to French Studies |editor-first=Arthur Augustus |editor-last=Tilley |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=1922 }}

* {{Cite book |author=Gislebertus of Mons |title=Chronicle of Hainaut |date=2005 |publisher=The Boydell Press |translator-last=Napran |translator-first=Laura}}

* {{Cite book |author=Gislebertus of Mons |title=Chronicle of Hainaut |date=2005 |publisher=The Boydell Press |translator-last=Napran |translator-first=Laura}}

* {{Cite book |last=Hodgson |first=Natasha |title=Women, Crusading and the Holy Land in Historical Narrative |publisher=Boydell |year=2007 |isbn=978-1-84383-332-1 }}

* {{Cite book |last=Hodgson |first=Natasha |title=Women, Crusading and the Holy Land in Historical Narrative |publisher=Boydell |year=2007 |isbn=978-1-84383-332-1 }}

* {{Cite book |last=Jones |first=Dan |title=The Plantagenets: The Warrior Kings and Queens Who Made England |date=2012 |publisher=Viking Press |isbn=978-0-670-02665-4 |ol=27144084M |authorlink=Dan Jones (writer)}}

* {{Cite book |last=Jones |first=Dan |title=The Plantagenets: The Warrior Kings and Queens Who Made England |date=2012 |publisher=Viking Press |isbn=978-0-670-02665-4 |ol=27144084M |author-link=Dan Jones (writer)}}

* {{Cite book |last=Kaeuper |first=Richard W. |title=Medieval Chivalry |date=2016 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |language=en-UK |authorlink=Richard W. Kaeuper}}

* {{Cite book |last=Kaeuper |first=Richard W. |title=Medieval Chivalry |date=2016 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |language=en-UK |author-link=Richard W. Kaeuper}}

* {{Cite book |last=Kelly |first=Amy Ruth |title=Eleanor of Aquitaine and the Four Kings |date=1991 |publisher=Harvard University Press |language=en-US}}

* {{Cite book |last=Kelly |first=Amy Ruth |title=Eleanor of Aquitaine and the Four Kings |date=1991 |publisher=Harvard University Press |language=en-US}}

* {{cite book |last=Kinoshita |first=Sharon |title=Medieval Boundaries: Rethinking Difference in Old French Literature |publisher=University of Pennsylvania Press |year=2006 }}

* {{cite book |last=Kinoshita |first=Sharon |title=Medieval Boundaries: Rethinking Difference in Old French Literature |publisher=University of Pennsylvania Press |year=2006 }}

* {{Cite book |last=Laszlovszky |first=Jozsef |title=Medieval East Central Europe in a Comparative Perspective |date=2016 |publisher=Routledge |editor-last=Jaritz |editor-first=Gerhard |language=en-UK |chapter=Local Tradition or European Patterns? The grave of Gertrude in the Pilis Cistercian Abbey |editor-last2=Szende |editor-first2=Katalin}}

* {{Cite book |last=Laszlovszky |first=Jozsef |title=Medieval East Central Europe in a Comparative Perspective |date=2016 |publisher=Routledge |editor-last=Jaritz |editor-first=Gerhard |language=en-UK |chapter=Local Tradition or European Patterns? The grave of Gertrude in the Pilis Cistercian Abbey |editor-last2=Szende |editor-first2=Katalin}}

* {{Cite journal |last=Marvin |first=Laurence W. |title=King Louis Vii of France Fails to Lead: Disaster on the Second Crusade |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/48637203 |journal=Medieval Warfare |volume=9 |issue=2 |pages=38–43 |year=2019 |jstor=48637203 |issn=2211-5129}}

* {{Cite journal |last=Marvin |first=Laurence W. |title=King Louis Vii of France Fails to Lead: Disaster on the Second Crusade |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/48637203 |journal=Medieval Warfare |volume=9 |issue=2 |pages=38–43 |year=2019 |jstor=48637203 |issn=2211-5129}}

* {{Cite book |last=Petit-Dutaillis |first=Charles |title=The Feudal Monarchy in France and England |date=1999 |publisher=Routledge |translator-last=Hunt |translator-first=E. David |authorlink=Charles Petit-Dutaillis}}

* {{Cite book |last=Petit-Dutaillis |first=Charles |title=The Feudal Monarchy in France and England |date=1999 |publisher=Routledge |translator-last=Hunt |translator-first=E. David |author-link=Charles Petit-Dutaillis}}

* {{cite book |last=Potts |first=Cassandra |chapter=Normandy 911-1144 |pages=19-43 |title=A Companion to the Anglo-Norman World |editor-first1=Christopher |editor-last1=Harper-Bill |editor-first2=Elisabeth M. C. |editor-last2=Van Houts |publisher=The Boydell Press |year=2002 |isbn=978-184383-341-3 }}41

* {{cite book |last=Potts |first=Cassandra |chapter=Normandy 911-1144 |pages=19–43 |title=A Companion to the Anglo-Norman World |editor-first1=Christopher |editor-last1=Harper-Bill |editor-first2=Elisabeth M. C. |editor-last2=Van Houts |publisher=The Boydell Press |year=2002 |isbn=978-184383-341-3 }}41

* {{Cite book |last=Robinson |first=Ian Stuart |title=The Papacy, 1073–1198: Continuity and Innovation |date=1996 |publisher=Cambridge University Press}}

* {{Cite book |last=Robinson |first=Ian Stuart |title=The Papacy, 1073–1198: Continuity and Innovation |date=1996 |publisher=Cambridge University Press}}

* {{Cite book |last=Spiegel |first=Gabrielle M. |title=The Past as Text: The Theory and Practice of Medieval Historiography |date=1997 |publisher=Johns Hopkins University Press |authorlink=Gabrielle M. Spiegel}}

* {{Cite book |last=Spiegel |first=Gabrielle M. |title=The Past as Text: The Theory and Practice of Medieval Historiography |date=1997 |publisher=Johns Hopkins University Press |author-link=Gabrielle M. Spiegel}}

* {{cite book |last=Strickland |first=Matthew |title=Henry the Young King, 1155-1183 |publisher=Yale University Press |year=2016 |isbn=9780300215519 }}

* {{cite book |last=Strickland |first=Matthew |title=Henry the Young King, 1155-1183 |publisher=Yale University Press |year=2016 |isbn=9780300215519 }}

* {{Cite book |last=Turner |first=Ralph V. |title=Eleanor of Aquitaine: Queen of France, Queen of England |date=2009 |publisher=Yale University Press}}

* {{Cite book |last=Turner |first=Ralph V. |title=Eleanor of Aquitaine: Queen of France, Queen of England |date=2009 |publisher=Yale University Press}}

* {{cite book |last=Tyerman |first=Christopher |title=God's War: A New History of the Crusades |publisher=Penguin |year=2007 }}

* {{cite book |last=Tyerman |first=Christopher |title=God's War: A New History of the Crusades |publisher=Penguin |year=2007 }}

* {{Cite book |last=Warren |first=Wilfred Lewis |title=Henry II |date=1977 |publisher=University of California Press |authorlink=W. L. Warren}}

* {{Cite book |last=Warren |first=Wilfred Lewis |title=Henry II |date=1977 |publisher=University of California Press |author-link=W. L. Warren}}

* {{Cite book |last=Warren |first=Wilfred Lewis |url=https://archive.org/details/kingjohn00wlwa |title=King John |date=1978 |publisher=University of California Press |url-access=registration}}

* {{Cite book |last=Warren |first=Wilfred Lewis |url=https://archive.org/details/kingjohn00wlwa |title=King John |date=1978 |publisher=University of California Press |url-access=registration}}

* {{Cite book |last=Wolfe |first=Michael |title=Walled Towns and the Shaping of France: From the Medieval to the Early Modern Era |date=2009 |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan}}

* {{Cite book |last=Wolfe |first=Michael |title=Walled Towns and the Shaping of France: From the Medieval to the Early Modern Era |date=2009 |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan}}