Kalhor (tribe)

The last influential Kalhor leader was Dawud Khan who led the tribe in the early 1900s, starting off as a mere peddler but gradually becoming "the absolute master of the entire territory between Kermanshah and the Ottoman border". Dawud Khan later joined the revolt of Salar al-Dawla and was killed in battle in 1912. His successor, Abbas Khan, was imprisoned by [[Reza Shah]] in 1926. He was released in 1941, after Reza Shah was abdicated, and was even elected a deputy in the Parliament from Kermanshah in 1944. However, most of the Kalhor tribe had become sedentary by then and had lost the cohesion that had once made them strong. Despite its large size, the tribe had significantly weakened. However, it was still comparatively rich.{{Cite web |title=KALHOR |url=https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/kalhor/ |access-date=2026-04-16 |website=Encyclopaedia Iranica |language=en-US}}

The last influential Kalhor leader was Dawud Khan who led the tribe in the early 1900s, starting off as a mere peddler but gradually becoming "the absolute master of the entire territory between Kermanshah and the Ottoman border". Dawud Khan later joined the revolt of Salar al-Dawla and was killed in battle in 1912. His successor, Abbas Khan, was imprisoned by [[Reza Shah]] in 1926. He was released in 1941, after Reza Shah was abdicated, and was even elected a deputy in the Parliament from Kermanshah in 1944. However, most of the Kalhor tribe had become sedentary by then and had lost the cohesion that had once made them strong. Despite its large size, the tribe had significantly weakened. However, it was still comparatively rich.{{Cite web |title=KALHOR |url=https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/kalhor/ |access-date=2026-04-16 |website=Encyclopaedia Iranica |language=en-US}}

The tribe speaks [[Southern Kurdish]], specifically the Kalhori dialect, which stretched from southwestern Kermanshah province to northern [[Ilam province]] to eastern Iraq.Aliakbari, Mohammad; Gheitasi, Mojtaba; Anonby, Erik (2015). "On Language Distribution in Ilam Province, Iran". Iranian Studies. 48 (6): 841-842 (6-7). doi:10.1080/00210862.2014.913423. S2CID 162337795. In Iraq, the Kalhor tribe mainly lived in [[Khanaqin]].{{Cite journal |last1=Chaman Ara |first1=Behrooz |last2=Amiri |first2=Cyrus |date=12 March 2018 |title=Gurani: practical language or Kurdish literary idiom? |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13530194.2018.1430536?scroll=top&needAccess=true&journalCode=cbjm20 |journal=British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies |volume=45 |issue=4 |pages=627–643 |doi=10.1080/13530194.2018.1430536 |s2cid=148611170 |url-access=subscription}} Branches of the Kalhor tribe included Khaledi, Shiani, Siasia, Kazemkhani, Khoman, Talesh, Garga, Kolehpa, Kolehjow, Shuwan, Quchemi, Mansuri, Alvandi, Mahidashti, Harunabadi, Shahini, Mushgir, Bodaqbeygi, Zeynalkhani, and Komara.{{Cite web |title=KALHOR |url=https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/kalhor/ |access-date=2026-04-16 |website=Encyclopaedia Iranica |language=en-US}}

The tribe speaks [[Southern Kurdish]], specifically the Kalhori dialect, which stretched from southwestern Kermanshah province to northern [[Ilam province]] to eastern Iraq.Aliakbari, Mohammad; Gheitasi, Mojtaba; Anonby, Erik (2015). "On Language Distribution in Ilam Province, Iran". Iranian Studies. 48 (6): 841-842 (6-7). doi:10.1080/00210862.2014.913423. S2CID 162337795.{{Cite web |title=KERMANSHAH vii. LANGUAGES AND DIALECTS |url=https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/kermanshah-07-languages/ |access-date=2026-04-21 |website=Encyclopaedia Iranica |language=en-US}} In Iraq, the Kalhor tribe mainly lived in [[Khanaqin]].{{Cite journal |last1=Chaman Ara |first1=Behrooz |last2=Amiri |first2=Cyrus |date=12 March 2018 |title=Gurani: practical language or Kurdish literary idiom? |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13530194.2018.1430536?scroll=top&needAccess=true&journalCode=cbjm20 |journal=British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies |volume=45 |issue=4 |pages=627–643 |doi=10.1080/13530194.2018.1430536 |s2cid=148611170 |url-access=subscription}} Branches of the Kalhor tribe included Khaledi, Shiani, Siasia, Kazemkhani, Khoman, Talesh, Garga, Kolehpa, Kolehjow, Shuwan, Quchemi, Mansuri, Alvandi, Mahidashti, Harunabadi, Shahini, Mushgir, Bodaqbeygi, Zeynalkhani, and Komara.{{Cite web |title=KALHOR |url=https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/kalhor/ |access-date=2026-04-16 |website=Encyclopaedia Iranica |language=en-US}}

== See also ==

== See also ==