John Marshall (died 1928)

[[File:Ned Warren and John Marshall, 1895.jpg|thumb|Ned Warren and John Marshall, 1895]]

[[File:Ned Warren and John Marshall, 1895.jpg|thumb|Ned Warren and John Marshall, 1895]]

'''John Marshall''' (1862 - 15 February 1928) was an antiquities art collector, who together with Edward Perry Warren is responsible for enriching the Roman and Greek Art Collection of the Boston Museum of Fine Arts and alone for that of the Metropolitan Museum of Art.

'''John Marshall''' (1862 - 15 February 1928) was an antiquities art collector, who together with Edward Perry Warren is responsible for enriching the Roman and Greek Art Collection of the [[Boston Museum of Fine Arts]] and alone for that of the [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]].

==Biography==

==Biography==

[[File:Lewes House, 2017.jpg|thumb|left|Lewes House in 2017]]

[[File:Lewes House, 2017.jpg|thumb|left|Lewes House in 2017]]

After college, in 1889, Warren bought the 18th-century Lewes House, in Sussex, and the two moved together there. In 1891 they went to Boston to meet [[Edward Robinson (curator)|Edward Robinson]], the [[Boston Museum of Fine Arts]]'s curator of antiquities, the intent to discuss the proposal of Warren and Marshall to buy works of art to resell to the Museum with a 20% of gain. Initially Robinson rejected the proposal, and it was Marshall that was able to find a compromise. The first piece they bought for the museum was a large drinking cup from the 6th-century B.C. signed by [[Euphronios]], "the Michelangelo" of terracotta painting. They bought it in Paris in 1892 at the estate sale of the Van Branteghem family. Next they bought several ancient bronze statues and terracotta vases from the Italian Count Tyskiewicz. It appears that in their partnership, Warren had the taste and eye to recognize a good piece, but Marshall was able to determine its origin and age. By 1902 the Boston Museum of Fine Arts' collection was complete and 90% of the pieces had been bought by Warren and Marshall.

After college, in 1889, Warren bought the 18th-century Lewes House, in Sussex, and the two moved together there. In 1891 they went to Boston to meet [[Edward Robinson (curator)|Edward Robinson]], the [[Boston Museum of Fine Arts]]'s curator of antiquities, the intent to discuss the proposal of Warren and Marshall to buy works of art to resell to the Museum with a 20% of gain. Initially Robinson rejected the proposal, and it was Marshall that was able to find a compromise. The first piece they bought for the museum was a large drinking cup from the 6th-century B.C. signed by [[Euphronios]], "the Michelangelo" of terracotta painting. They bought it in Paris in 1892 at the estate sale of the Van Branteghem family. Next they bought several ancient bronze statues and terracotta vases from Count [[Michał Tyszkiewicz (Egyptologist)|Michal Tyszkiewicz]]. It appears that in their partnership, Warren had the taste and eye to recognize a good piece, but Marshall was able to determine its origin and age. By 1902 the Boston Museum of Fine Arts' collection was complete and 90% of the pieces had been bought by Warren and Marshall.

By 1894 Warren and Marshall were so involved in the late 19th-century antiquities market that they set up a second home in Rome to be near where those affairs took place. In 10 years they were the most widely respected antiquities collectors, even if Warren took most of the recognition in consideration of his family wealth and connections.

By 1894 Warren and Marshall were so involved in the late 19th-century antiquities market that they set up a second home in Rome to be near where those affairs took place. In 10 years they were the most widely respected antiquities collectors, even if Warren took most of the recognition in consideration of his family wealth and connections.

Beginning in the 1900s, Warren was forced to spend long periods in the United States due to family matters and Marshall started to complain about the separation: "I am sick of being alone and, Puppy dear, it is bad for me [...] I would sooner do anything than live alone." Since 1901 Mary Bliss, Warren's unmarried cousin, was living in Lewes House, and Marshall and she started a platonic relationship. In 1903 Marshall visited the [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]] and finding their Greek and Roman collection lacking, he convinced museum curator, Edward Robinson, who had moved from Boston to New York, to let him act as buyer for them.{{cite web|title=Greek and Roman Art|url=https://www.metmuseum.org/press/general-information/2010/greek-and-roman-art|website=metmuseum|accessdate=3 January 2018}} Robinson hired Marshall as the Museum's purchasing agent in Rome, and the same year, [[Gisela Richter]] began her long career at the Metropolitan.{{cite book|last1=De Puma|first1=Richard Daniel|title=Etruscan Art in the Metropolitan Museum of Art|date=2013|publisher=Metropolitan Museum of Art|page=9|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3tcTiTFYHHQC&pg=PA9|accessdate=3 January 2018|isbn=9781588394859}} Bliss offered to help Marshall in this new task, substituting Warren in the role he had in the previous business venture for the Boston Museum of Fine Arts. By 1907 she was irreplaceable and she gave Marshall an ultimatum: she would continue to work with him only if they married. Marshall agreed on the only condition of their being a [[white marriage]]. Warren supported them and by 1910 he was back in England and they were all living together at Lewes House.

Beginning in the 1900s, Warren was forced to spend long periods in the United States due to family matters and Marshall started to complain about the separation: "I am sick of being alone and, Puppy dear, it is bad for me [...] I would sooner do anything than live alone." Since 1901 Mary Bliss, Warren's unmarried cousin, was living in Lewes House, and Marshall and she started a platonic relationship. In 1903 Marshall visited the [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]] and finding their Greek and Roman collection lacking, he convinced museum curator, Edward Robinson, who had moved from Boston to New York, to let him act as buyer for them.{{cite web|title=Greek and Roman Art|url=https://www.metmuseum.org/press/general-information/2010/greek-and-roman-art|website=metmuseum|accessdate=3 January 2018}} Robinson hired Marshall as the Museum's purchasing agent in Rome, and the same year, [[Gisela Richter]] began her long career at the Metropolitan.{{cite book|last1=De Puma|first1=Richard Daniel|title=Etruscan Art in the Metropolitan Museum of Art|date=2013|publisher=Metropolitan Museum of Art|page=9|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3tcTiTFYHHQC&pg=PA9|accessdate=3 January 2018|isbn=9781588394859}} Bliss offered to help Marshall in this new task, substituting Warren in the role he had in the previous business venture for the Boston Museum of Fine Arts. By 1907 she was irreplaceable and she gave Marshall an ultimatum: she would continue to work with him only if they married. Marshall agreed on the only condition of their being a [[white marriage]]. Warren supported them and by 1910 he was back in England and they were all living together at Lewes House.

Marshall was so successful in his business that he was able to donate a piece to the Met in his own name, a sandaled ivory foot carved during the Roman Empire dated between 31 B.C. and 14 A.D. [[John Davidson Beazley]] said, "Warren and Marshall had complete control of the market in classical antiquities. Almost everything that was good, whether a new find or an old, came to them for first refusal. Competition all but ceased." Another scholar said that "the combined works the two men were responsible for bringing to Boston and New York represent the greatest collection of Greek and [[Roman art]] in the world." More than 80% of the antiquities bought by Marshall for the Metropolitan Museum of Art are still on display.{{cite web|title=Trading antiquities in early 20th-Century Europe. The John Marshall Archive Research Project Colloquium 2016.|url=https://britishschoolatrome.wordpress.com/tag/metropolitan-museum-of-art/|website=British School at Rome|accessdate=3 January 2018}} Marshall bought three terra cotta Etruscan warriors for the Met and the museum opened a new gallery of [[Etruscan art]], "the first time in an American museum that an entire gallery had been devoted exclusively to Etruscan and Italian antiquities." The gallery opened in 1933, 5 years after Marshall died, and in 1961 it was found that the three warriors were a forgery and they were removed from display.

Marshall was so successful in his business that he was able to donate a piece to the Met in his own name, a sandaled ivory foot carved during the [[Roman Empire]] dated between 31 B.C. and 14 A.D. [[John Davidson Beazley]] said, "Warren and Marshall had complete control of the market in classical antiquities. Almost everything that was good, whether a new find or an old, came to them for first refusal. Competition all but ceased." Another scholar said that "the combined works the two men were responsible for bringing to Boston and New York represent the greatest collection of Greek and [[Roman art]] in the world." More than 80% of the antiquities bought by Marshall for the Metropolitan Museum of Art are still on display.{{cite web|title=Trading antiquities in early 20th-Century Europe. The John Marshall Archive Research Project Colloquium 2016.|url=https://britishschoolatrome.wordpress.com/tag/metropolitan-museum-of-art/|website=British School at Rome|accessdate=3 January 2018}} Marshall bought three terra cotta Etruscan warriors for the Met and the museum opened a new gallery of [[Etruscan art]], "the first time in an American museum that an entire gallery had been devoted exclusively to Etruscan and Italian antiquities." The gallery opened in 1933, 5 years after Marshall died, and in 1961 it was found that the three warriors were a forgery and they were removed from display.

[[File:III Cimitero Inglese, Bagni di Lucca, Italia (2).jpg|thumb|Cimitero Inglese, Bagni di Lucca, Italia]]

[[File:III Cimitero Inglese, Bagni di Lucca, Italia (2).jpg|thumb|Cimitero Inglese, Bagni di Lucca, Italia]]