Islam and music

{{cite book |last1=Shiloah |first1=Amnon |title=Music in the World of Islam: A Socio-cultural Study |date=1995 |publisher=Wayne State University Press |isbn=978-0-8143-2970-2 |page=60 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S6gwlvp61s4C&pg=PA60 |quote=In sum, the attitude toward music has always been ambivalent, as expressed in a series of contradictory feelings and concepts: predilection and mistrust; divine-devilish; exalting-disruptive; admissible-prohibited.}}

{{cite book |last1=Shiloah |first1=Amnon |title=Music in the World of Islam: A Socio-cultural Study |date=1995 |publisher=Wayne State University Press |isbn=978-0-8143-2970-2 |page=60 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S6gwlvp61s4C&pg=PA60 |quote=In sum, the attitude toward music has always been ambivalent, as expressed in a series of contradictory feelings and concepts: predilection and mistrust; divine-devilish; exalting-disruptive; admissible-prohibited.}}

Many [[Islamic scholars]] believe that the [[Quran]] and [[sunnah]] (the sayings and lifestyle of [[Muhammad]]) prohibit creating or indulging in any form of music and associated arts like [[Dance|dancing]];{{cite book |last1=Harris |first1=Diana |title=Music Education and Muslims |date=2006 |publisher=Trentham Books |isbn=978-1-85856-356-5 |page=10 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZkoJAQAAMAAJ |quote=Raza (1991, p60) wrote 'the community misinterprets Islam according to their needs, and there are many passages in the [[hadith]] which descry music. Those often quoted include: "Singing sprouts [[Munafiq|hypocrisy in the heart]] as rain sprouts plants" ([[al-Baihaqi]] in Lambat, 1998); "Musical instruments are amongst the most powerful means by which [[Iblis|the devil]] seduces human beings" (Farmer, 1973, p. 24-5). Probably the most important is a hadith narrated by [[al-Bukhari]] in which [[Muhammad in Islam|the Prophet]] (p.b.u.h.) is reported as saying that at some future time there will be people from my [[ummah]] (the Muslim community) who will seek to make lawful [[Zina|fornication]], the wearing of silk by men, [[Khamr|wine drinking]] and the use of musical instruments.'}} while others have asserted that some specific musical traditions are permissible.

Many [[Islamic scholars]] believe that the [[Quran]] and [[sunnah]] (the sayings and lifestyle of [[Muhammad]]) prohibit creating or indulging in any form of music and associated arts, [[Dancing ban#Islam|such as dancing]];{{cite book |last1=Harris |first1=Diana |title=Music Education and Muslims |date=2006 |publisher=Trentham Books |isbn=978-1-85856-356-5 |page=10 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZkoJAQAAMAAJ |quote=Raza (1991, p60) wrote 'the community misinterprets Islam according to their needs, and there are many passages in the [[hadith]] which descry music. Those often quoted include: "Singing sprouts [[Munafiq|hypocrisy in the heart]] as rain sprouts plants" ([[al-Baihaqi]] in Lambat, 1998); "Musical instruments are amongst the most powerful means by which [[Iblis|the devil]] seduces human beings" (Farmer, 1973, p. 24-5). Probably the most important is a hadith narrated by [[al-Bukhari]] in which [[Muhammad in Islam|the Prophet]] (p.b.u.h.) is reported as saying that at some future time there will be people from my [[ummah]] (the Muslim community) who will seek to make lawful [[Zina|fornication]], the wearing of silk by men, [[Khamr|wine drinking]] and the use of musical instruments.'}} while others have asserted that some specific musical traditions are permissible.

{{cite book |last1=Baker |first1=Raymond William |title=Islam Without Fear: Egypt and the New Islamists |date=June 2009 |publisher=Harvard University Press |isbn=978-0-674-02045-0 |page=63 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OA3XqoR4AE8C&pg=PA63 |quote=Ghazzaly also clarified the essential premise of New Islamist thinking that saw the arts as one among many powerful instruments given to Man by God... Ghazzaly rejected the idea put forward by the amirs that singing is haram, and in particular he objected strongly to the further notion advanced by many Islamists, both conservative and extremist, that a woman's voice is haram and should not be heard. On the other hand, Ghazzaly also refused to countenance the secularists' view that all lyrics set to music were appropriate for an Islamic society...}}{{cite book |last1=Cook |first1=Michael |title=Commanding Right and Forbidding Wrong in Islamic Thought |date=January 2001 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-1-139-43160-6 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eb5NMAL46mUC&pg=PA68 |quote=An early statement of the contrary view, that music is permitted, is found in Mufaddal ibn Salama fi. later third/ninth century)}} Nevertheless, [[Islamic music|music has thrived in the Muslim world]], although it was historically often confined to palaces and private homes [[Music censorship|to avoid censure]].{{cite journal |last1=van Nieuwkerk |first1=Karin |title='"An Hour for God and an Hour for the Heart": Islam, Gender and Female Entertainment in Egypt' |journal=Journal of Musical Anthropology of the Mediterranean |date=1998 |volume=3 |url=https://www2.umbc.edu/MA/index/number3/nieuwkerk/karin_3.htm |issn=1825-621X |quote=Since the birth of Islam the permissibility of music and singing has been debated. Not only the lawfulness of the performer but also of the audience was discussed. Advocates and opponents alike traced the legitimacy of their position back to the Quran and the hadiths, the sayings of the Prophet. As in present day Egypt, these debates on the lawfulness of music did not prevent the art from flourishing in palaces and private homes (Sawa 1989; Stigelbauer 1975).}}

{{cite book |last1=Baker |first1=Raymond William |title=Islam Without Fear: Egypt and the New Islamists |date=June 2009 |publisher=Harvard University Press |isbn=978-0-674-02045-0 |page=63 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OA3XqoR4AE8C&pg=PA63 |quote=Ghazzaly also clarified the essential premise of New Islamist thinking that saw the arts as one among many powerful instruments given to Man by God... Ghazzaly rejected the idea put forward by the amirs that singing is haram, and in particular he objected strongly to the further notion advanced by many Islamists, both conservative and extremist, that a woman's voice is haram and should not be heard. On the other hand, Ghazzaly also refused to countenance the secularists' view that all lyrics set to music were appropriate for an Islamic society...}}{{cite book |last1=Cook |first1=Michael |title=Commanding Right and Forbidding Wrong in Islamic Thought |date=January 2001 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-1-139-43160-6 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eb5NMAL46mUC&pg=PA68 |quote=An early statement of the contrary view, that music is permitted, is found in Mufaddal ibn Salama fi. later third/ninth century)}} Nevertheless, [[Islamic music|music has thrived in the Muslim world]], although it was historically often confined to palaces and private homes [[Music censorship|to avoid censure]].{{cite journal |last1=van Nieuwkerk |first1=Karin |title='"An Hour for God and an Hour for the Heart": Islam, Gender and Female Entertainment in Egypt' |journal=Journal of Musical Anthropology of the Mediterranean |date=1998 |volume=3 |url=https://www2.umbc.edu/MA/index/number3/nieuwkerk/karin_3.htm |issn=1825-621X |quote=Since the birth of Islam the permissibility of music and singing has been debated. Not only the lawfulness of the performer but also of the audience was discussed. Advocates and opponents alike traced the legitimacy of their position back to the Quran and the hadiths, the sayings of the Prophet. As in present day Egypt, these debates on the lawfulness of music did not prevent the art from flourishing in palaces and private homes (Sawa 1989; Stigelbauer 1975).}}