Internet Standard
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== History and the purpose of Internet Standards == |
== History and the purpose of Internet Standards == |
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Internet standards are technical specifications—such as communication protocols and data formats—that allow computers and other networked devices from different vendors to interoperate on the Internet.{{cite journal |last=Leiba |first=Barry |title=An Introduction to Internet Standards |journal=IEEE Internet Computing |volume=12 |issue=1 |date=January 2008 |pages=71–74 |doi=10.1109/MIC.2008.2 |issn=1089-7801}} As networking technology and operational requirements have changed, these standards (and the processes used to develop and maintain them) have likewise evolved.{{cite journal |last=Leiba |first=Barry |title=An Introduction to Internet Standards |journal=IEEE Internet Computing |volume=12 |issue=1 |date=January 2008 |pages=71–74 |doi=10.1109/MIC.2008.2 |issn=1089-7801}} Many foundational Internet protocols originated in research networking work in the 1970s, including early internetworking designs that led to [[TCP/IP]], and were later refined and standardised as the Internet expanded beyond its initial research and government use.{{cite book |last=Abbate |first=Janet |title=Inventing the Internet |publisher=MIT Press |year=1999 |isbn=978-0-262-01172-3}}{{cite journal |last1=Cerf |first1=Vinton G. |last2=Kahn |first2=Robert E. |title=A Protocol for Packet Network Intercommunication |journal=IEEE Transactions on Communications |volume=22 |issue=5 |date=May 1974 |pages=637–648 |doi=10.1109/TCOM.1974.1092259}} |
Internet standards are technical specifications—such as communication protocols and data formats—that allow computers and other networked devices from different vendors to interoperate on the Internet.{{cite journal |last=Leiba |first=Barry |title=An Introduction to Internet Standards |journal=IEEE Internet Computing |volume=12 |issue=1 |date=January 2008 |pages=71–74 |doi=10.1109/MIC.2008.2 |issn=1089-7801}} As networking technology and operational requirements have changed, these standards (and the processes used to develop and maintain them) have likewise evolved.{{cite journal |last=Leiba |first=Barry |title=An Introduction to Internet Standards |journal=IEEE Internet Computing |volume=12 |issue=1 |date=January 2008 |pages=71–74 |doi=10.1109/MIC.2008.2 |issn=1089-7801}} Many foundational Internet protocols originated in research networking work in the 1970s, including early [[internetworking]] designs that led to [[TCP/IP]], and were later refined and standardised as the Internet expanded beyond its initial research and government use.{{cite book |last=Abbate |first=Janet |title=Inventing the Internet |publisher=MIT Press |year=1999 |isbn=978-0-262-01172-3}}{{cite journal |last1=Cerf |first1=Vinton G. |last2=Kahn |first2=Robert E. |title=A Protocol for Packet Network Intercommunication |journal=IEEE Transactions on Communications |volume=22 |issue=5 |date=May 1974 |pages=637–648 |doi=10.1109/TCOM.1974.1092259}} |
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'''TCP/IP''' |
'''TCP/IP''' |
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A widely cited milestone in the development of the modern Internet was the ARPANET's transition from the earlier [[Network Control Program (ARPANET)|Network Control Program (NCP)]] to the TCP/IP protocol suite on 1 January 1983 (a planned [[Flag day (computing)|“flag day” ]]cutover).{{cite journal |last1=Leiner |first1=Barry M. |last2=Cerf |first2=Vinton G. |last3=Clark |first3=David D. |last4=Kahn |first4=Robert E. |last5=Kleinrock |first5=Leonard |last6=Lynch |first6=Daniel C. |last7=Postel |first7=Jon |last8=Roberts |first8=Lawrence G. |last9=Wolff |first9=Stephen |title=A Brief History of the Internet |journal=ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review |volume=39 |issue=5 |date=October 2009 |pages=22–31 |doi=10.1145/1629607.1629613 |url=https://groups.csail.mit.edu/ana/A%20brief%20history%20of%20the%20internet%20-%20p22-leiner.pdf}} Leiner ''et al.'' note that TCP/IP had already been adopted as a U.S. defense standard in 1980, and that the ARPANET’s move to TCP/IP enabled the network to be separated into [[MILNET]] for operational military requirements and an ARPANET segment supporting research. TCP/IP is foundational because it specifies interoperable end-to-end communication and internetworking mechanisms—such as packet delivery, addressing, and reliability—that allow independent networks to interconnect and exchange data, and it remains the core protocol suite used for Internet communication.{{cite journal |last1=Cerf |first1=Vinton G. |last2=Kahn |first2=Robert E. |title=A Protocol for Packet Network Intercommunication |journal=IEEE Transactions on Communications |volume=22 |issue=5 |date=May 1974 |pages=637–648 |doi=10.1109/TCOM.1974.1092259 |url=https://www.cs.princeton.edu/courses/archive/fall06/cos561/papers/cerf74.pdf}} |
A widely cited milestone in the development of the modern Internet was the ARPANET's transition from the earlier [[Network Control Program (ARPANET)|Network Control Program (NCP)]] to the TCP/IP protocol suite on 1 January 1983 (a planned [[Flag day (computing)|“flag day” ]]cutover).{{cite journal |last1=Leiner |first1=Barry M. |last2=Cerf |first2=Vinton G. |last3=Clark |first3=David D. |last4=Kahn |first4=Robert E. |last5=Kleinrock |first5=Leonard |last6=Lynch |first6=Daniel C. |last7=Postel |first7=Jon |last8=Roberts |first8=Lawrence G. |last9=Wolff |first9=Stephen |title=A Brief History of the Internet |journal=ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review |volume=39 |issue=5 |date=October 2009 |pages=22–31 |doi=10.1145/1629607.1629613 |url=https://groups.csail.mit.edu/ana/A%20brief%20history%20of%20the%20internet%20-%20p22-leiner.pdf}} Leiner ''et al.'' note that TCP/IP had already been adopted as a U.S. defense standard in 1980, and that the ARPANET’s move to TCP/IP enabled the network to be separated into [[MILNET]] for operational military requirements and an [[ARPANET]] segment supporting research. TCP/IP is foundational because it specifies interoperable end-to-end communication and internetworking mechanisms—such as packet delivery, addressing, and reliability—that allow independent networks to interconnect and exchange data, and it remains the core protocol suite used for Internet communication.{{cite journal |last1=Cerf |first1=Vinton G. |last2=Kahn |first2=Robert E. |title=A Protocol for Packet Network Intercommunication |journal=IEEE Transactions on Communications |volume=22 |issue=5 |date=May 1974 |pages=637–648 |doi=10.1109/TCOM.1974.1092259 |url=https://www.cs.princeton.edu/courses/archive/fall06/cos561/papers/cerf74.pdf}} |
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# Proposed standards are standards to be implemented and can be changed at any time |
# Proposed standards are standards to be implemented and can be changed at any time |
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# The draft standard was carefully tested in preparation for riverside to form the future Internet standard |
# The draft standard was carefully tested in preparation for riverside to form the [[future Internet]] standard |
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# Internet standards are mature standards. |
# Internet standards are mature standards. |
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