Indian classical music

{{Indian music|state=collapsed}}

{{Indian music|state=collapsed}}

'''Indian Classical Music''' is the [[art music|classical music]] of the [[Indian subcontinent]].{{sfn|Nettl et al.|1998|pp=573–574}} It is generally described using terms like ''Shastriya Sangeet'' and ''Marg Sangeet''.{{cite web|url=https://www.shabdkosh.com/dictionary/hindi-english/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF%20%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A4/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF%20%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A4-meaning-in-english|title=Definition}}{{cite web|url=https://swarsaad.org/indian-classical-music/|title=Definition}} It has two major traditions: the [[North India]]n classical music known as ''[[Hindustani classical music|Hindustani]]'' and the [[South India]]n expression known as ''[[Carnatic classical music|Carnatic]]''.{{Sfn|Sorrell|Narayan|1980|pp=3–4}} Hindustani music emphasizes improvisation and exploration of all aspects of a [[raga]], while Carnatic performances tend to be short composition-based.{{Sfn|Sorrell|Narayan|1980|pp=3–4}} However, the two systems continue to have more common features than differences.{{Sfn|Sorrell|Narayan|1980|pp=4–5}} Another unique classical music tradition from the eastern part of India is ''[[Odissi music]]'', which has evolved over the last two thousand years.

'''Indian classical music''' is the [[art music|classical music]] of the [[Indian subcontinent]].{{sfn|Nettl et al.|1998|pp=573–574}} It is generally described using terms like ''Shastriya Sangeet'' and ''Marg Sangeet''.{{cite web|url=https://www.shabdkosh.com/dictionary/hindi-english/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF%20%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A4/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF%20%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A4-meaning-in-english|title=Definition}}{{cite web|url=https://swarsaad.org/indian-classical-music/|title=Definition}} It has two major traditions: the [[North India]]n classical music known as ''[[Hindustani classical music|Hindustani]]'' and the [[South India]]n expression known as ''[[Carnatic classical music|Carnatic]]''.{{Sfn|Sorrell|Narayan|1980|pp=3–4}} Hindustani music emphasizes improvisation and exploration of all aspects of a [[raga]], while Carnatic performances tend to be short composition-based.{{Sfn|Sorrell|Narayan|1980|pp=3–4}} However, the two systems continue to have more common features than differences.{{Sfn|Sorrell|Narayan|1980|pp=4–5}} Another unique classical music tradition from the eastern part of India is ''[[Odissi music]]'', which has evolved over the last two thousand years.

The roots of the classical music of India are found in the [[Vedas|Vedic]] literature of [[Hinduism]] and the ancient ''[[Natyashastra]]'', the classic [[Sanskrit]] text on performing arts by [[Bharata Muni]].{{Sfn|Rowell|2015|pp=9–10, 59–61}}{{harvnb|Beck|2012|pages=107–108}}, Quote: "The tradition of Indian classical music and dance known as ''Sangeeta'' is fundamentally rooted in the sonic and musical dimensions of the Vedas (Sama veda), Upanishads and the Agamas, such that Indian music has been nearly always religious in character". The 13th century Sanskrit text ''[[Sangita Ratnakara|Sangeeta-Ratnakara]]'' of [[Sarangadeva]] is regarded as the definitive text by both the [[Hindustani music]] and the [[Carnatic music]] traditions.{{cite book|author=Rens Bod|title=A New History of the Humanities: The Search for Principles and Patterns from Antiquity to the Present|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=321oAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA116| year=2013|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-164294-4|page=116}}{{cite book|author1=Reginald Massey|author2=Jamila Massey|author2-link=Jamila Massey|title=The Music of India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yySNDP9XVggC&pg=PA42|access-date=23 July 2013|year= 1996|publisher=Abhinav Publications|isbn=978-81-7017-332-8|page=42}}

The roots of the classical music of India are found in the [[Vedas|Vedic]] literature of [[Hinduism]] and the ancient ''[[Natyashastra]]'', the classic [[Sanskrit]] text on performing arts by [[Bharata Muni]].{{Sfn|Rowell|2015|pp=9–10, 59–61}}{{harvnb|Beck|2012|pages=107–108}}, Quote: "The tradition of Indian classical music and dance known as ''Sangeeta'' is fundamentally rooted in the sonic and musical dimensions of the Vedas (Sama veda), Upanishads and the Agamas, such that Indian music has been nearly always religious in character". The 13th century Sanskrit text ''[[Sangita Ratnakara|Sangeeta-Ratnakara]]'' of [[Sarangadeva]] is regarded as the definitive text by both the [[Hindustani music]] and the [[Carnatic music]] traditions.{{cite book|author=Rens Bod|title=A New History of the Humanities: The Search for Principles and Patterns from Antiquity to the Present|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=321oAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA116| year=2013|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-164294-4|page=116}}{{cite book|author1=Reginald Massey|author2=Jamila Massey|author2-link=Jamila Massey|title=The Music of India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yySNDP9XVggC&pg=PA42|access-date=23 July 2013|year= 1996|publisher=Abhinav Publications|isbn=978-81-7017-332-8|page=42}}