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[Esposito (2000)، The Oxford History of Islam، Oxford University Press، p. 192. : "Ibn al-Haytham (d. 1039), known in the West as Alhazan, was a leading Arab mathematician, astronomer, and physicist. His optical compendium, Kitab al-Manazir, is the greatest medieval work on optics"][{{Cite web |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3nBJAAAAYAAJ&dq=alhazen&pg=PA59 |title=Chemical News and Journal of Industrial Science|volume =34 |page =59 |date=6 January 1876 |access-date=13 March 2023 |archive-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326164818/https://books.google.com/books?id=3nBJAAAAYAAJ&dq=alhazen&pg=PA59 |url-status=live }}] or [[Persians|Persian]][{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mk_CBAAAQBAJ&dq=alhazen+History+and+Evolution+of+Concepts+in+Physics&pg=PA23 |title=History and Evolution of Concepts in Physics |page =24 |isbn=978-3-319-04292-3 |access-date=13 March 2023 |archive-date=20 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230620164804/https://books.google.com/books?id=mk_CBAAAQBAJ&dq=alhazen+History+and+Evolution+of+Concepts+in+Physics&pg=PA23 |url-status=live |last1=Varvoglis |first1=Harry |date=29 January 2014 |publisher=Springer }}][{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_NDOCwAAQBAJ&dq=Renaissance++John+Shannon+Hendrix,+Charles+eleventh+century&pg=PA77 |title=Renaissance Theories of Vision edited by John Shannon Hendrix, Charles |page =77 |isbn=978-1-317-06640-8 |access-date=13 March 2023 |archive-date=20 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230620164804/https://books.google.com/books?id=_NDOCwAAQBAJ&dq=Renaissance++John+Shannon+Hendrix,+Charles+eleventh+century&pg=PA77 |url-status=live |last1=Hendrix |first1=John Shannon |last2=Carman |first2=Charles H. |date=5 December 2016 |publisher=Routledge }}][{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZQfcDwAAQBAJ&dq=Quantum+Mechanics+for+Beginners+alhazen&pg=PA81 |title=Quantum Mechanics for Beginners: With Applications to Quantum Communication By M. Suhail Zubairy |page =81 |isbn=978-0-19-885422-7 |access-date=13 March 2023 |archive-date=20 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230620164806/https://books.google.com/books?id=ZQfcDwAAQBAJ&dq=Quantum+Mechanics+for+Beginners+alhazen&pg=PA81 |url-status=live |last1=Suhail Zubairy |first1=M. |date=6 January 2024 |publisher=Oxford University Press }}][{{Harvard citation|Child|Shuter|Taylor|1992|p=70}}, {{Harvard citation|Dessel|Nehrich|Voran|1973|p=164}}, ''Understanding History'' by John Child, Paul Shuter, David Taylor, p. 70. "Alhazen, a Persian scientist, showed that the eye saw light from other objects. This started optics, the science of light. The Arabs also studied astronomy, the study of the stars. "] origin in [[Basra]], [[Medieval Iraq|Iraq]], which was at the time part of the [[Buyid dynasty|Buyid emirate]]. His initial influences were in the study of religion and service to the community. At the time, society had a number of conflicting views of religion that he ultimately sought to step aside from religion. This led to him delving into the study of mathematics and science.[{{Cite journal|last1=Tbakhi|first1=Abdelghani|last2=Amr|first2=Samir S.|date=2007|title=Ibn Al-Haytham: Father of Modern Optics|journal=Annals of Saudi Medicine|volume=27|issue=6|pages=464–467|doi=10.5144/0256-4947.2007.464|issn=0256-4947|pmc=6074172|pmid=18059131}}] He held a position with the title of [[Vizier (Abbasid Caliphate)|''vizier'']] in his native Basra, and became famous for his knowledge of applied mathematics, as evidenced by his attempt to regulate the [[flooding of the Nile]].[{{Harvnb|Corbin|1993|p=149}}.]
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[Esposito (2000)، The Oxford History of Islam، Oxford University Press، p. 192. : "Ibn al-Haytham (d. 1039), known in the West as Alhazan, was a leading Arab mathematician, astronomer, and physicist. His optical compendium, Kitab al-Manazir, is the greatest medieval work on optics"][{{Cite web |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3nBJAAAAYAAJ&dq=alhazen&pg=PA59 |title=Chemical News and Journal of Industrial Science|volume =34 |page =59 |date=6 January 1876 |access-date=13 March 2023 |archive-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326164818/https://books.google.com/books?id=3nBJAAAAYAAJ&dq=alhazen&pg=PA59 |url-status=live }}"… Alhazen, the Arab optician and physiologist."] name="springer">{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mk_CBAAAQBAJ&dq=alhazen+History+and+Evolution+of+Concepts+in+Physics&pg=PA23 |title=History and Evolution of Concepts in Physics |page =24 |isbn=978-3-319-04292-3 |access-date=13 March 2023 |archive-date=20 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230620164804/https://books.google.com/books?id=mk_CBAAAQBAJ&dq=alhazen+History+and+Evolution+of+Concepts+in+Physics&pg=PA23 |url-status=live |last1=Varvoglis |first1=Harry |date=29 January 2014 |publisher=Springer }} "… was a polymath of either Arab or Persian origin."> or [[Persians|Persian]][>][{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_NDOCwAAQBAJ&dq=Renaissance++John+Shannon+Hendrix,+Charles+eleventh+century&pg=PA77 |title=Renaissance Theories of Vision edited by John Shannon Hendrix, Charles |page =77 |isbn=978-1-317-06640-8 |access-date=13 March 2023 |archive-date=20 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230620164804/https://books.google.com/books?id=_NDOCwAAQBAJ&dq=Renaissance++John+Shannon+Hendrix,+Charles+eleventh+century&pg=PA77 |url-status=live |last1=Hendrix |first1=John Shannon |last2=Carman |first2=Charles H. |date=5 December 2016 |publisher=Routledge }}][{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZQfcDwAAQBAJ&dq=Quantum+Mechanics+for+Beginners+alhazen&pg=PA81 |title=Quantum Mechanics for Beginners: With Applications to Quantum Communication By M. Suhail Zubairy |page =81 |isbn=978-0-19-885422-7 |access-date=13 March 2023 |archive-date=20 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230620164806/https://books.google.com/books?id=ZQfcDwAAQBAJ&dq=Quantum+Mechanics+for+Beginners+alhazen&pg=PA81 |url-status=live |last1=Suhail Zubairy |first1=M. |date=6 January 2024 |publisher=Oxford University Press }}][{{Harvard citation|Child|Shuter|Taylor|1992|p=70}}, {{Harvard citation|Dessel|Nehrich|Voran|1973|p=164}}, ''Understanding History'' by John Child, Paul Shuter, David Taylor, p. 70. "Alhazen, a Persian scientist, showed that the eye saw light from other objects. This started optics, the science of light. The Arabs also studied astronomy, the study of the stars. "] origin in [[Basra]], [[Medieval Iraq|Iraq]], which was at the time part of the [[Buyid dynasty|Buyid emirate]]. His initial influences were in the study of religion and service to the community. At the time, society had a number of conflicting views of religion that he ultimately sought to step aside from religion. This led to him delving into the study of mathematics and science.[{{Cite journal|last1=Tbakhi|first1=Abdelghani|last2=Amr|first2=Samir S.|date=2007|title=Ibn Al-Haytham: Father of Modern Optics|journal=Annals of Saudi Medicine|volume=27|issue=6|pages=464–467|doi=10.5144/0256-4947.2007.464|issn=0256-4947|pmc=6074172|pmid=18059131}}] He held a position with the title of [[Vizier (Abbasid Caliphate)|''vizier'']] in his native Basra, and became famous for his knowledge of applied mathematics, as evidenced by his attempt to regulate the [[flooding of the Nile]].[{{Harvnb|Corbin|1993|p=149}}.]
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Upon his return to Cairo, he was given an administrative post. After he proved unable to fulfill this task as well, he contracted the ire of the caliph [[Al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah|Al-Hakim]],[The Prisoner of Al-Hakim. Clifton, NJ: Blue Dome Press, 2017. {{ISBN|1682060160}}] and is said to have been forced into hiding until the caliph's death in 1021, after which his confiscated possessions were returned to him.[[[Carl Brockelmann]], ''Geschichte der arabischen Litteratur'', vol. 1 (1898), [https://archive.org/stream/geschichtederar00brocgoog#page/n522/mode/2up p. 469].] |
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Upon his return to Cairo, he was given an administrative post. After he proved unable to fulfill this task as well, he contracted the ire of the caliph [[Al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah|Al-Hakim]],[The Prisoner of Al-Hakim. Clifton, NJ: Blue Dome Press, 2017. {{ISBN|1682060160}}] and is said to have been forced into hiding until the caliph's death in 1021, after which his confiscated possessions were returned to him.[[[Carl Brockelmann]], ''Geschichte der arabischen Litteratur'', vol. 1 (1898), [https://archive.org/stream/geschichtederar00brocgoog#page/n522/mode/2up p. 469].] |
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