Hyperoxia
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{{Infobox medical condition |
{{Infobox medical condition |
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| specialty = Emergency Medicine, Pulmonology |
| specialty = Emergency Medicine, Pulmonology |
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| symptoms = *Irritation |
| symptoms = *Irritation |
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*Congestion and [[edema]] of the lungs |
* Congestion and [[edema]] of the lungs |
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| complications = *[[Oxygen toxicity]] |
| complications = *[[Oxygen toxicity]] |
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*Seizures |
* Seizures |
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*Death |
* Death |
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| risks = *[[Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy]] |
| risks = *[[Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy]] |
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*[[Underwater Diving]] |
* [[Underwater Diving]] |
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Antioxidant therapy may be employed to mitigate the harmful effects of ROS generated during hyperoxia. Additionally, careful monitoring and adjustment of mechanical ventilation settings are crucial in critical care settings to balance oxygen delivery and minimize the risk of oxygen toxicity. Recent studies emphasize the importance of individualized oxygen therapy, considering the patient's specific clinical condition and response to treatment.{{cite journal | vauthors = Singer M, Young PJ, Laffey JG, Asfar P, Taccone FS, Skrifvars MB, Meyhoff CS, Radermacher P | title = Dangers of hyperoxia | journal = Critical Care | volume = 25 | issue = 1 | article-number = 440 | date = December 2021 | pmid = 34924022 | pmc = 8686263 | doi = 10.1186/s13054-021-03815-y | doi-access = free }} |
Antioxidant therapy may be employed to mitigate the harmful effects of ROS generated during hyperoxia. Additionally, careful monitoring and adjustment of mechanical ventilation settings are crucial in critical care settings to balance oxygen delivery and minimize the risk of oxygen toxicity. Recent studies emphasize the importance of individualized oxygen therapy, considering the patient's specific clinical condition and response to treatment.{{cite journal | vauthors = Singer M, Young PJ, Laffey JG, Asfar P, Taccone FS, Skrifvars MB, Meyhoff CS, Radermacher P | title = Dangers of hyperoxia | journal = Critical Care | volume = 25 | issue = 1 | article-number = 440 | date = December 2021 | pmid = 34924022 | pmc = 8686263 | doi = 10.1186/s13054-021-03815-y | doi-access = free }} |
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* Individualized Oxygen Therapy: Personalized oxygen titration is emerging as a prevention strategy. By adjusting oxygen levels based on the patient's specific needs, particularly in critical care and [[Neonatal nursing|neonatal care]], clinicians aim to prevent hyperoxia-induced damage. |
* Individualized Oxygen Therapy: Personalized oxygen titration is emerging as a prevention strategy. By adjusting oxygen levels based on the patient's specific needs, particularly in critical care and [[Neonatal nursing|neonatal care]], clinicians aim to prevent hyperoxia-induced damage. |
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* Antioxidant Therapy :Recent research suggests that administering antioxidants like [[N-acetylcysteine]] (NAC) or [[vitamin C]] during oxygen therapy can mitigate the oxidative stress caused by hyperoxia, preventing cellular damage.{{Cite journal |title=Pubmed reference |journal=Bench-to-bedside Review: The Effects of Hyperoxia During Critical Illness|date=2015 |pmid=26278383 |volume=19 |issue=1 |page=284 |doi=10.1186/s13054-015-0996-4 |doi-access=free |pmc=4538738 | vauthors = Helmerhorst HJ, Schultz MJ, Van Der Voort PH, De Jonge E, Van Westerloo DJ }} |
* Antioxidant Therapy :Recent research suggests that administering antioxidants like [[N-acetylcysteine]] (NAC) or [[vitamin C]] during oxygen therapy can mitigate the oxidative stress caused by hyperoxia, preventing cellular damage.{{Cite journal |title=Pubmed reference |journal=Bench-to-bedside Review: The Effects of Hyperoxia During Critical Illness|date=2015 |pmid=26278383 |volume=19 |issue=1 |page=284 |doi=10.1186/s13054-015-0996-4 |doi-access=free |pmc=4538738 | vauthors = Helmerhorst HJ, Schultz MJ, Van Der Voort PH, De Jonge E, Van Westerloo DJ }} |
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===Hyperbaric medicine=== |
===Hyperbaric medicine=== |
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{{See also|Hyperbaric medicine}}Hyperbaric medicine is the medical use of oxygen at a higher pressure level than our atmosphere.{{Cite web | work = Penn Medicine |date=August 2024 |title=Hyperbaric Medicine Treatments and Procedures |url=https://www.pennmedicine.org/for-patients-and-visitors/find-a-program-or-service/hyperbaric-medicine/treatments-and-procedures#:~:text=Hyperbaric%20medicine%20is%20the%20medical,treat%20a%20variety%20of%20conditions. |access-date=2024-08-19 }} Hyperbaric medicine is also known as hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT). The air we normally breathe is composed of 21 percent oxygen. Hyperbaric treatments utilise 100 percent oxygenated air to treat many conditions.{{Cite web |title=Hyperbaric Medicine Treatments and Procedures |url=https://www.pennmedicine.org/for-patients-and-visitors/find-a-program-or-service/hyperbaric-medicine/treatments-and-procedures |access-date=2024-08-30 |website=www.pennmedicine.org}} This therapy increases the amount of oxygen delivered to body tissues, which can accelerate healing and combat infections. HBOT has become a recognized adjunctive treatment for a variety of conditions, including decompression sickness, carbon monoxide poisoning, and chronic non-healing wounds. One of the primary FDA-approved uses of HBOT is for treating decompression sickness, a risk faced by divers ascending too rapidly. In this condition, nitrogen bubbles form in the bloodstream due to pressure changes. HBOT helps reduce bubble size and promotes nitrogen elimination.{{Citation |title=Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy |date=July 2021 |work=Fast Facts for Wound Care Nursing |place=New York, NY |publisher=Springer Publishing Company |doi=10.1891/9780826195098.0012 |isbn=978-0-8261-9502-9}} Similarly, carbon monoxide poisoning is another approved indication, as HBOT reduces the half-life of carboxyhemoglobin and mitigates neurological damage.{{Cite journal |date=2003-02-06 |title=Hyperbaric Oxygen for Acute Carbon Monoxide Poisoning |journal=New England Journal of Medicine |volume=348 |issue=6 |pages=557–560 |doi=10.1056/nejm200302063480615 |pmid=12571266 |issn=0028-4793}} Chronic wound care, particularly in diabetic patients, is another growing area where HBOT has shown benefit. Diabetic foot ulcers often suffer from poor blood flow and oxygenation, leading to delayed healing. HBOT can enhance angiogenesis, fibroblast proliferation, and collagen synthesis—critical components of the wound healing process.{{Cite journal |last1=Löndahl |first1=Magnus |last2=Katzman |first2=Per |last3=Nilsson |first3=Anders |last4=Hammarlund |first4=Christer |date=2010-05-01 |title=Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy Facilitates Healing of Chronic Foot Ulcers in Patients With Diabetes |journal=Diabetes Care |volume=33 |issue=5 |pages=998–1003 |doi=10.2337/dc09-1754 |pmid=20427683 |issn=0149-5992|pmc=2858204 }} A systematic review in 2022 revealed its usefulness in treatment of Fournier's Gangrene.{{Cite journal |last1=Raizandha |first1=Muhammad Achdiar |last2=Hidayatullah |first2=Furqan |last3=Kloping |first3=Yudhistira Pradnyan |last4=Rahman |first4=Ilham Akbar |last5=Djatisoesanto |first5=Wahjoe |last6=Rizaldi |first6=Fikri |date=May 2022 |title=The role of hyperbaric oxygen therapy in Fournier's Gangrene: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies |journal=International Braz J Urol |volume=48 |issue=5 |pages=771–781 |doi=10.1590/s1677-5538.ibju.2022.0119 |pmid=35594328 |issn=1677-6119|pmc=9388173 }} Despite its benefits, HBOT is not without risks. Potential complications include barotrauma to the ears and lungs, oxygen toxicity seizures, and claustrophobia. Therefore, careful patient selection and monitoring are essential.{{Cite journal |last1=Moon |first1=Richard E. |last2=Bennett |first2=Michael H. |last3=Huang |first3=Enoch |date=2024-03-28 |title=A letter response to indications for oxygen therapy and the Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society |journal=Medical Gas Research |volume=14 |issue=4 |pages=228–229 |doi=10.4103/mgr.mgr_24_23 |doi-access=free |pmid=39073332 |pmc=11257181 |issn=2045-9912}} |
{{See also|Hyperbaric medicine}}Hyperbaric medicine is the medical use of oxygen at a higher pressure level than our atmosphere.{{Cite web | work = Penn Medicine |date=August 2024 |title=Hyperbaric Medicine Treatments and Procedures |url=https://www.pennmedicine.org/for-patients-and-visitors/find-a-program-or-service/hyperbaric-medicine/treatments-and-procedures#:~:text=Hyperbaric%20medicine%20is%20the%20medical,treat%20a%20variety%20of%20conditions. |access-date=2024-08-19 }} Hyperbaric medicine is also known as hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT). The air we normally breathe is composed of 21 percent oxygen. Hyperbaric treatments utilise 100 percent oxygenated air to treat many conditions.{{Cite web |title=Hyperbaric Medicine Treatments and Procedures |url=https://www.pennmedicine.org/for-patients-and-visitors/find-a-program-or-service/hyperbaric-medicine/treatments-and-procedures |access-date=2024-08-30 |website=www.pennmedicine.org}} This therapy increases the amount of oxygen delivered to body tissues, which can accelerate healing and combat infections. HBOT has become a recognized adjunctive treatment for a variety of conditions, including decompression sickness, carbon monoxide poisoning, and chronic non-healing wounds. One of the primary FDA-approved uses of HBOT is for treating decompression sickness, a risk faced by divers ascending too rapidly. In this condition, nitrogen bubbles form in the bloodstream due to pressure changes. HBOT helps reduce bubble size and promotes nitrogen elimination.{{Citation |title=Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy |date=July 2021 |work=Fast Facts for Wound Care Nursing |place=New York, NY |publisher=Springer Publishing Company |doi=10.1891/9780826195098.0012 |isbn=978-0-8261-9502-9}} Similarly, carbon monoxide poisoning is another approved indication, as HBOT reduces the half-life of carboxyhemoglobin and mitigates neurological damage.{{Cite journal |date=2003-02-06 |title=Hyperbaric Oxygen for Acute Carbon Monoxide Poisoning |journal=New England Journal of Medicine |volume=348 |issue=6 |pages=557–560 |doi=10.1056/nejm200302063480615 |pmid=12571266 |issn=0028-4793}} Chronic wound care, particularly in diabetic patients, is another growing area where HBOT has shown benefit. Diabetic foot ulcers often suffer from poor blood flow and oxygenation, leading to delayed healing. HBOT can enhance angiogenesis, fibroblast proliferation, and collagen synthesis—critical components of the wound healing process.{{Cite journal |last1=Löndahl |first1=Magnus |last2=Katzman |first2=Per |last3=Nilsson |first3=Anders |last4=Hammarlund |first4=Christer |date=2010-05-01 |title=Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy Facilitates Healing of Chronic Foot Ulcers in Patients With Diabetes |journal=Diabetes Care |volume=33 |issue=5 |pages=998–1003 |doi=10.2337/dc09-1754 |pmid=20427683 |issn=0149-5992|pmc=2858204 }} A systematic review in 2022 revealed its usefulness in treatment of Fournier's Gangrene.{{Cite journal |last1=Raizandha |first1=Muhammad Achdiar |last2=Hidayatullah |first2=Furqan |last3=Kloping |first3=Yudhistira Pradnyan |last4=Rahman |first4=Ilham Akbar |last5=Djatisoesanto |first5=Wahjoe |last6=Rizaldi |first6=Fikri |date=May 2022 |title=The role of hyperbaric oxygen therapy in Fournier's Gangrene: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies |journal=International Braz J Urol |volume=48 |issue=5 |pages=771–781 |doi=10.1590/s1677-5538.ibju.2022.0119 |pmid=35594328 |issn=1677-6119|pmc=9388173 }} Despite its benefits, HBOT is not without risks. Potential complications include barotrauma to the ears and lungs, oxygen toxicity seizures, and claustrophobia. Therefore, careful patient selection and monitoring are essential.{{Cite journal |last1=Moon |first1=Richard E. |last2=Bennett |first2=Michael H. |last3=Huang |first3=Enoch |date=2024-03-28 |title=A letter response to indications for oxygen therapy and the Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society |journal=Medical Gas Research |volume=14 |issue=4 |pages=228–229 |doi=10.4103/mgr.mgr_24_23 |doi-access=free |pmid=39073332 |pmc=11257181 |issn=2045-9912}} |
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{{Expand section|date=July 2025}} |
{{Expand section|date=July 2025}} |
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