Hypermobility spectrum disorder

Apr 28, 2026 - 02:47
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Hypermobility spectrum disorder

← Previous revision Revision as of 21:16, 27 April 2026
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'''Hypermobility spectrum disorders''' ('''HSD''') are a group of heritable [[connective tissue disorder]]s where joints are flexible enough to cause problems such as instability and pain. Different forms and sub-types have been distinguished, but it does not include asymptomatic joint hypermobility, colloquially known as [[double-jointedness]], nor does it include [[Ehlers–Danlos syndromes]].{{Cite web|url=https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases/2081/hypermobile-Ehlers%E2%80%93danlos-syndrome|title=Hypermobile Ehlers–Danlos syndrome {{!}} Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center (GARD) – an NCATS Program|website=rarediseases.info.nih.gov|language=en|access-date=2017-06-19|archive-date=20 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230120164230/https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases/2081/hypermobile-Ehlers%E2%80%93danlos-syndrome/}}
'''Hypermobility spectrum disorders''' ('''HSD''') are a group of heritable [[connective tissue disorder]]s where joints are flexible enough to cause problems such as instability and pain. Different forms and sub-types have been distinguished, but it does not include asymptomatic joint hypermobility{{Cite web |title=Hypermobile joints: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia |url=https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003295.htm |access-date=2026-04-27 |website=medlineplus.gov |language=en}}, colloquially known as [[double-jointedness]], nor does it include [[Ehlers–Danlos syndromes]].{{Cite web|url=https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases/2081/hypermobile-Ehlers%E2%80%93danlos-syndrome|title=Hypermobile Ehlers–Danlos syndrome {{!}} Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center (GARD) – an NCATS Program|website=rarediseases.info.nih.gov|language=en|access-date=2017-06-19|archive-date=20 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230120164230/https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases/2081/hypermobile-Ehlers%E2%80%93danlos-syndrome/}}


This condition was called "joint hypermobility syndrome" (JHS) until 2017, when it was renamed and subtypes were defined.{{cite journal |last1=Atwell |first1=Karina |last2=Michael |first2=William |last3=Dubey |first3=Jared |last4=James |first4=Sarah |last5=Martonffy |first5=Andrea |last6=Anderson |first6=Scott |last7=Rudin |first7=Nathan |last8=Schrager |first8=Sarina |title=Diagnosis and Management of Hypermobility Spectrum Disorders in Primary Care |journal=The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine |date=1 July 2021 |volume=34 |issue=4 |pages=838–848 |doi=10.3122/jabfm.2021.04.200374 |url=https://www.jabfm.org/content/34/4/838 |access-date=23 September 2025 |language=en |issn=1557-2625|doi-access=free }}
This condition was called "joint hypermobility syndrome{{Cite journal |last=Ross |first=J. |last2=Grahame |first2=R. |date=2011-01-20 |title=Joint hypermobility syndrome |url=https://www.bmj.com/lookup/doi/10.1136/bmj.c7167 |journal=BMJ |language=en |volume=342 |issue=jan20 1 |pages=c7167–c7167 |doi=10.1136/bmj.c7167 |issn=0959-8138}}" (JHS) until 2017, when it was renamed and subtypes were defined.{{cite journal |last1=Atwell |first1=Karina |last2=Michael |first2=William |last3=Dubey |first3=Jared |last4=James |first4=Sarah |last5=Martonffy |first5=Andrea |last6=Anderson |first6=Scott |last7=Rudin |first7=Nathan |last8=Schrager |first8=Sarina |title=Diagnosis and Management of Hypermobility Spectrum Disorders in Primary Care |journal=The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine |date=1 July 2021 |volume=34 |issue=4 |pages=838–848 |doi=10.3122/jabfm.2021.04.200374 |url=https://www.jabfm.org/content/34/4/838 |access-date=23 September 2025 |language=en |issn=1557-2625|doi-access=free }}


There is a strong association between HSD and [[neurodevelopmental disorder]]s such as [[attention deficit hyperactivity disorder]] and [[autism|autism spectrum disorder]].{{Cite journal|last1=Kindgren|first1=Erik|last2=Perez|first2=Antonia Quiñones|last3=Knez|first3=Rajna|date=2021-02-10|title=Prevalence of ADHD and Autism Spectrum Disorder in Children with Hypermobility Spectrum Disorders or Hypermobile Ehlers–Danlos Syndrome: A Retrospective Study|journal=Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment|language=English|volume=17|pages=379–388|doi=10.2147/NDT.S290494|pmid=33603376 |pmc=7882457 |doi-access=free }}
There is a strong association between HSD and [[neurodevelopmental disorder]]s such as [[attention deficit hyperactivity disorder]] and [[autism|autism spectrum disorder]].{{Cite journal|last1=Kindgren|first1=Erik|last2=Perez|first2=Antonia Quiñones|last3=Knez|first3=Rajna|date=2021-02-10|title=Prevalence of ADHD and Autism Spectrum Disorder in Children with Hypermobility Spectrum Disorders or Hypermobile Ehlers–Danlos Syndrome: A Retrospective Study|journal=Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment|language=English|volume=17|pages=379–388|doi=10.2147/NDT.S290494|pmid=33603376 |pmc=7882457 |doi-access=free }}
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* Disturbed proprioception: Reduced [[proprioception]] and muscle weakness, creating a cycle of increasing activity limitations
* Disturbed proprioception: Reduced [[proprioception]] and muscle weakness, creating a cycle of increasing activity limitations


=== Extra-articular symptoms{{Cite journal |last=Montemayor Zarazúa |first=A.P. |last2=Elizondo Solis |first2=C.V. |last3=Ilizaliturri Guerra |first3=O. |last4=Silva Luna |first4=K. |last5=Arana Guajardo |first5=A.C. |last6=Purón González |first6=E. |last7=Garcia Pompermayer |first7=M.R. |last8=Lozano Plata |first8=L.I. |last9=Garza Elizondo |first9=M.A. |date=2025-06 |title=ABS0725 COMORBIDITIES ASSOCIATED TO THE HYPERMOBILITY SPECTRUM DISORDER |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0003496725032960 |journal=Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases |volume=84 |pages=1764 |doi=10.1016/j.ard.2025.06.1243 |issn=0003-4967}} ===
=== Extra-articular symptoms ===


* Autonomic dysfunction/dysautonomia: Symptoms may include orthostatic intolerance, dizziness, palpitations, [[Raynaud syndrome|Raynaud's phenomenon]], and [[Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome|postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS)]].
* Autonomic dysfunction/dysautonomia: Symptoms may include orthostatic intolerance, dizziness, palpitations, [[Raynaud syndrome|Raynaud's phenomenon]], and [[Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome|postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS)]].
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