Hussites

The '''Hussites''' ([[Czech language|Czech]]: ''Husité'' or ''Kališníci'', "Chalice People"; [[Latin]]: ''Hussitae'') were a Czech [[Proto-Protestantism|proto-Protestant]] [[Christian movement]] influenced by both the [[Byzantine Rite]] and [[John Wycliffe]] that followed the teachings of reformer [[Jan Hus]] ([[floruit|fl.]] 1401–1415), a part of the [[Bohemian Reformation]].

The '''Hussites''' ([[Czech language|Czech]]: ''Husité'' or ''Kališníci'', "Chalice People"; [[Latin]]: ''Hussitae'') were a Czech [[Proto-Protestantism|proto-Protestant]] [[Christian movement]] influenced by both the [[Byzantine Rite]] and [[John Wycliffe]] that followed the teachings of reformer [[Jan Hus]] ([[floruit|fl.]] 1401–1415), a part of the [[Bohemian Reformation]].

The [[Czech lands]] had originally been Christianized by [[Byzantine Empire|Byzantine Greek]] missionaries [[Saints Cyril and Methodius]], who introduced the Byzantine Rite in the [[Old Church Slavonic]] [[liturgical language]] and the Byzantine tradition of [[Communion under both kinds|Communion in both kinds]] administered by the [[Spoon (liturgy)|holy spoon]]. Over the centuries that followed, however, the [[Roman Rite]] in [[Ecclesiastical Latin]], which is less easily understood than Slavonic by native speakers of [[Old Czech]], was imposed upon the [[Czech people]] despite considerable public resistance, by German-speaking bishops, beginning with [[Wiching]], from the [[Holy Roman Empire]]. (See also [[Sázava Monastery]].){{cite journal |last=Dvornik |first=F. |date=1964 |title=The Significance of the Missions of Cyril and Methodius |journal=Slavic Review |volume=23 |issue=2 |pages=195–211 |doi=10.2307/2492930 |jstor=2492930 |s2cid=163378481 |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/slavic-review/article/abs/significance-of-the-missions-of-cyril-and-methodius/BA6950F8E7B59143643C69310833AD20|url-access=subscription }} As a cultural memory of both communion in both kinds and the [[Divine Liturgy]] in a language closer to the [[vernacular]] is believed to have survived well into the [[Renaissance]], the ideas of Jan Hus and others like him swiftly gained a wide public following. After the trial and execution of Hus at the [[Council of Constance]],Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church (Oxford University Press 2005 {{ISBN|978-0-19-280290-3}}), article "Constance, Council of" a series of crusades, civil wars, victories and compromises between various factions with different theological agendas broke out. At the end of the [[Hussite Wars]] (1420–1434), the now [[Catholic]]-supported [[Utraquist]] side came out victorious from protracted conflict against [[Jan Žižka]] and the [[Taborites]], who embraced the more radical theological teachings of [[John Wycliffe]] and the [[Lollards]], and became the dominant Hussite group in Bohemia.

The [[Czech lands]] had originally been [[Christianized]] by [[Byzantine Empire|Byzantine Greek]] missionaries [[Saints Cyril and Methodius]], who introduced the Byzantine Rite in the [[Old Church Slavonic]] [[liturgical language]] and the Byzantine tradition of [[Communion under both kinds|Communion in both kinds]] administered by the [[Spoon (liturgy)|holy spoon]]. Over the centuries that followed, however, the [[Roman Rite]] in [[Ecclesiastical Latin]], which is less easily understood than Slavonic by native speakers of [[Old Czech]], was imposed upon the [[Czech people]] despite considerable public resistance, by German-speaking bishops, beginning with [[Wiching]], from the [[Holy Roman Empire]]. (See also [[Sázava Monastery]].){{cite journal |last=Dvornik |first=F. |date=1964 |title=The Significance of the Missions of Cyril and Methodius |journal=Slavic Review |volume=23 |issue=2 |pages=195–211 |doi=10.2307/2492930 |jstor=2492930 |s2cid=163378481 |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/slavic-review/article/abs/significance-of-the-missions-of-cyril-and-methodius/BA6950F8E7B59143643C69310833AD20|url-access=subscription }} As a cultural memory of both communion in both kinds and the [[Divine Liturgy]] in a language closer to the [[vernacular]] is believed to have survived well into the [[Renaissance]], the ideas of Jan Hus and others like him swiftly gained a wide public following. After the trial and execution of Hus at the [[Council of Constance]],Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church (Oxford University Press 2005 {{ISBN|978-0-19-280290-3}}), article "Constance, Council of" a series of crusades, civil wars, victories and compromises between various factions with different theological agendas broke out. At the end of the [[Hussite Wars]] (1420–1434), the now [[Catholic]]-supported [[Utraquist]] side came out victorious from protracted conflict against [[Jan Žižka]] and the [[Taborites]], who embraced the more radical theological teachings of [[John Wycliffe]] and the [[Lollards]], and became the dominant Hussite group in Bohemia.

Catholics and Utraquists were given legal equality in [[Bohemia]] after the [[religious peace of Kutná Hora]] in 1485. Bohemia and [[Moravia]], or what is now the territory of the [[Czech Republic]], remained majority Hussite for two centuries. [[Roman Catholicism]] was only reimposed by the [[Holy Roman Emperor]] [[Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor|Ferdinand II]] following the 1620 [[Battle of White Mountain]] and during the [[Thirty Years' War]].

Catholics and Utraquists were given legal equality in [[Bohemia]] after the [[religious peace of Kutná Hora]] in 1485. Bohemia and [[Moravia]], or what is now the territory of the [[Czech Republic]], remained majority Hussite for two centuries. [[Roman Catholicism]] was only reimposed by the [[Holy Roman Emperor]] [[Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor|Ferdinand II]] following the 1620 [[Battle of White Mountain]] and during the [[Thirty Years' War]].