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The [[Han-era]] historian [[Sima Qian]] asserts that "Xia" was the name of the state [[enfeoffed]] to legendary king [[Yu the Great]], and Yu used it as his [[Chinese surname|surname]].[[https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E5%8F%B2%E8%A8%98/%E5%8D%B7002#%E5%A4%AA%E5%8F%B2%E5%85%AC%E8%AB%96 Sima Qian's discussion] on "Annals of Xia" in ''[[Records of the Grand Historian]]'': {{lang|lzh|禹爲姒姓，其後分封，用國爲姓}}] In modern historiography, Huaxia refers to a confederation of tribes living along the [[Yellow River]] who were the ancestors of what later became the [[Han Chinese|Han]] ethnic group in China.[{{Cite journal |last1=Cioffi-Revilla |first1=Claudio |last2=Lai |first2=David |year=1995 |title=War and Politics in Ancient China, 2700 BC to 722 BC |journal=The Journal of Conflict Resolution |volume=39 |issue=3 |pages=471–72 |doi=10.1177/0022002795039003004 }}][{{Cite encyclopedia |last1=Guo |first1=Shirong |encyclopedia=[[Encyclopaedia of the History of Science, Technology, and Medicine in Non-Western Cultures]] |last2=Feng |first2=Lisheng |publisher=Kluwer |year=1997 |isbn=978-0-792-34066-9 |editor-last=Selin |editor-first=Helaine |editor-link=Helaine Selin |location=Dordrecht |page=197 |title=Chinese Minorities |quote=During the Warring States (475–221 BC), feudalism was developed and the Huaxia nationality grew out of the Xia, Shang, and Zhou nationalities in the middle and upper reaches of the Yellow River. The Han evolved from the Huaxia.}}] During the [[Warring States]] (475–221 BCE), the self-awareness of the Huaxia identity developed and took hold in ancient China.[{{Cite book |last=Holcombe |first=Charles |title=A history of East Asia: From the origins of civilization to the twenty-first century |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2010 |isbn=978-0-521-73164-5 |page=7 |quote=Initially, Huaxia seems to have been a somewhat elastic cultural marker, referring neither to race nor ethnicity nor any particular country but rather to "civilized," settled, literate, agricultural populations adhering to common ritual standards, in contrast to "barbarians."}}] The Huaxia identity arose in the Eastern Zhou period as a reaction to the increased conflict with the Rong and Di peoples who migrated into the Zhou lands and extinguished some Zhou states.[{{Cite book |last=Wu |first=Xiaolong |title=Material Culture, Power, and Identity in Ancient China |year=2017 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-1-107-13402-7 |pages=13–14}}] |
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The [[Han-era]] historian [[Sima Qian]] asserts that "Xia" was the name of the state [[enfeoffed]] to legendary king [[Yu the Great]], and Yu used it as his [[Chinese surname|surname]].[[https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E5%8F%B2%E8%A8%98/%E5%8D%B7002#%E5%A4%AA%E5%8F%B2%E5%85%AC%E8%AB%96 Sima Qian's discussion] on "Annals of Xia" in ''[[Records of the Grand Historian]]'': {{lang|lzh|禹爲姒姓，其後分封，用國爲姓}}] In modern historiography, Huaxia refers to a confederation of tribes living along the [[Yellow River]] who were the ancestors of what later became the [[Han Chinese|Han]] nation in China.[{{Cite journal |last1=Cioffi-Revilla |first1=Claudio |last2=Lai |first2=David |year=1995 |title=War and Politics in Ancient China, 2700 BC to 722 BC |journal=The Journal of Conflict Resolution |volume=39 |issue=3 |pages=471–72 |doi=10.1177/0022002795039003004 }}][{{Cite encyclopedia |last1=Guo |first1=Shirong |encyclopedia=[[Encyclopaedia of the History of Science, Technology, and Medicine in Non-Western Cultures]] |last2=Feng |first2=Lisheng |publisher=Kluwer |year=1997 |isbn=978-0-792-34066-9 |editor-last=Selin |editor-first=Helaine |editor-link=Helaine Selin |location=Dordrecht |page=197 |title=Chinese Minorities |quote=During the Warring States (475–221 BC), feudalism was developed and the Huaxia nationality grew out of the Xia, Shang, and Zhou nationalities in the middle and upper reaches of the Yellow River. The Han evolved from the Huaxia.}}] During the [[Warring States]] (475–221 BCE), the self-awareness of the Huaxia identity developed and took hold in ancient China.[{{Cite book |last=Holcombe |first=Charles |title=A history of East Asia: From the origins of civilization to the twenty-first century |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2010 |isbn=978-0-521-73164-5 |page=7 |quote=Initially, Huaxia seems to have been a somewhat elastic cultural marker, referring neither to race nor ethnicity nor any particular country but rather to "civilized," settled, literate, agricultural populations adhering to common ritual standards, in contrast to "barbarians."}}] The Huaxia identity arose in the Eastern Zhou period as a reaction to the increased conflict with the Rong and Di peoples who migrated into the Zhou lands and extinguished some Zhou states.[{{Cite book |last=Wu |first=Xiaolong |title=Material Culture, Power, and Identity in Ancient China |year=2017 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-1-107-13402-7 |pages=13–14}}] |
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