History of Dehradun

===Establishment of the Town===

===Establishment of the Town===

Dehradun had been a part of the [[Garhwal Kingdom]] except for the brief interlude of the Rohillas. The city is believed to have been named after the camp, or ''dera'', established by [[Baba Ram Rai]], elder son of the seventh [[Sikh]] Guru, [[Guru Har Rai]], who came here in 1675. He settled in the village Dhamawala, which even today hosts the annual [[Jhanda Mela]] on the fifth day after [[Holi]] in his memory.[http://210.212.78.56/dehradun/English/form_ram_rai.html Guru Ram Rai Darbar] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080604021608/http://210.212.78.56/dehradun/English/form_ram_rai.html |date=4 June 2008 }} Official website of Dehradun. Thus the name refers to his 'dera' or camp in the 'Doon' valley, around which the present town gradually developed,Other cities with similar names are [[Dera Ismail Khan]], [[Dera Bugti]] and [[Dera Ghazi Khan]] in Pakistan. and marking this settlement is a gurudwara called [[Guru Ram Rai Darbar Sahib]], built between 1699 and 1707 with the help of Raja of [[Garhwal Kingdom|Garhwal]], [[Fateh Shah]], who was succeeded by his grandson in the same year, Pratap Shah,Mausoleum of Ram Rai Darbar, 7 June 2005, india9.com https://www.india9.com/i9show/-Uttaranchal/Mausoleum-of-Ram-Rai-Darbar-41691.htm and modelled on the tomb of [[Mughal Emperor]] [[Jehangir]].[https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V11_227.gif Dehra Town] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210917223124/https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V11_227.gif |date=17 September 2021 }} ''The Imperial Gazetteer of India'', 1909, v. 11, p. 221-223.

Dehradun had been a part of the [[Garhwal Kingdom]] except for the brief interlude of the Rohillas. The old name for the whole valley is dron ghati the name was found on a coin inscription which was later evolved into doon ghati , the new name of specific city believed to have been named after the camp, or ''dera'', established by [[Baba Ram Rai]], elder son of the seventh [[Sikh]] Guru, [[Guru Har Rai]], who came here in 1675. He settled in the village Dhamawala, which even today hosts the annual [[Jhanda Mela]] on the fifth day after [[Holi]] in his memory.[http://210.212.78.56/dehradun/English/form_ram_rai.html Guru Ram Rai Darbar] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080604021608/http://210.212.78.56/dehradun/English/form_ram_rai.html |date=4 June 2008 }} Official website of Dehradun. Thus the name refers to his 'dera' or camp in the 'Doon' valley, around which the present town gradually developed,Other cities with similar names are [[Dera Ismail Khan]], [[Dera Bugti]] and [[Dera Ghazi Khan]] in Pakistan. and marking this settlement is a gurudwara called [[Guru Ram Rai Darbar Sahib]], built between 1699 and 1707 with the help of Raja of [[Garhwal Kingdom|Garhwal]], [[Fateh Shah]], who was succeeded by his grandson in the same year, Pratap Shah,Mausoleum of Ram Rai Darbar, 7 June 2005, india9.com https://www.india9.com/i9show/-Uttaranchal/Mausoleum-of-Ram-Rai-Darbar-41691.htm and modelled on the tomb of [[Mughal Emperor]] [[Jehangir]].[https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V11_227.gif Dehra Town] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210917223124/https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V11_227.gif |date=17 September 2021 }} ''The Imperial Gazetteer of India'', 1909, v. 11, p. 221-223.

Historically, Dehradun was a part of the [[Garhwal Kingdom]] also known as 'Kedarkhand', which was founded by Ajai Pal around 1400, by capturing all the minor principalities of the Garhwal region, under his own sway, and thereafter, he and his descendants ruled over Garhwal and the adjacent state of [[Tehri-Garhwal]], in an uninterrupted line till 1803, when the Gurkhas invaded Kumaon and Garhwal.{{EB1911|wstitle=Garhwal|volume=11|page=466}} In 1757, [[Najib-ul-Daula]], the governor of [[Saharanpur]], who later founded city of [[Najibabad]], invaded the city with his army of [[Rohillas]] and ruled here, leading to its widespread development. He provided them with land, fostered trade, dug canals, sank wells and raised the revenue to a lakh and a quarter of rupees{{Cite book|title=Art and Architecture of Uttarakhand|last1=Handa|first1=O.C.|last2=Jain|first2=Madhu|publisher=Pentagon Press|year=2009|isbn=978-8182744172|location=New Delhi|pages=120}} though after his death in 1770, it was successively annexed by surrounding tribes of Rajputs, Gujjars, Sikhs and Gurkhas who ruled the region in quick succession, and lead to its steady downfall.

Historically, Dehradun was a part of the [[Garhwal Kingdom]] also known as 'Kedarkhand', which was founded by Ajai Pal around 1400, by capturing all the minor principalities of the Garhwal region, under his own sway, and thereafter, he and his descendants ruled over Garhwal and the adjacent state of [[Tehri-Garhwal]], in an uninterrupted line till 1803, when the Gurkhas invaded Kumaon and Garhwal.{{EB1911|wstitle=Garhwal|volume=11|page=466}} In 1757, [[Najib-ul-Daula]], the governor of [[Saharanpur]], who later founded city of [[Najibabad]], invaded the city with his army of [[Rohillas]] and ruled here, leading to its widespread development. He provided them with land, fostered trade, dug canals, sank wells and raised the revenue to a lakh and a quarter of rupees{{Cite book|title=Art and Architecture of Uttarakhand|last1=Handa|first1=O.C.|last2=Jain|first2=Madhu|publisher=Pentagon Press|year=2009|isbn=978-8182744172|location=New Delhi|pages=120}} though after his death in 1770, the region was restored to Pradeep Shah of garhwal but doon's prosperity invited frequent raid from surrounding tribes of Rajputs, Gujjars, Sikhs and Gurkhas who ruled the region in quick succession for 11 years, and lead to its steady downfall.

===The Gurkha Rule and the Arrival of the British - 19th century===

===The Gurkha Rule and the Arrival of the British - 19th century===