Freedom and Direct Democracy

Apr 28, 2026 - 15:21

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Freedom and Direct Democracy

Fixing reference errors and rescuing orphaned refs ("42 vlasteneckých a nacionalistických skupin v Česku - Echo24.cz" from rev 1348549445)

← Previous revision		Revision as of 09:49, 28 April 2026
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	'''Freedom and Direct Democracy''' ({{langx\|cs\|Svoboda a přímá demokracie}}, '''SPD''') is a [[far-right]]{{refn\|{{cite web \|author= \|title=European Election Watch Czech Republic \|url=https://www.csis.org/programs/european-election-watch/czech-republic \|date= \|publisher=[[Center for Strategic and International Studies]] (CSIS) \|access-date=4 January 2022 \|quote= \|archive-date=4 January 2022 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220104035707/https://www.csis.org/programs/european-election-watch/czech-republic \|url-status=dead}}{{cite news \|last1=Muller \|first1=Robert \|last2=Lopatka \|first2=Jan \|title=Far-right scores surprise success in Czech election \|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-czech-election-farright/far-right-scores-surprise-success-in-czech-election-idUSKBN1CQ0T3 \|publisher=Reuters \|date=21 October 2017 \|access-date=23 October 2017}}{{cite news \|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/10/19/far-right-czech-election-kingmaker-calls-referendum-eu-membership/ \|title=Far-Right Czech election 'kingmaker' calls for referendum on EU membership 'just like Britain' \|work=The Daily Telegraph \|first=Matthew \|last=Day \|date=19 October 2017 \|access-date=23 October 2017}}{{cite news \|url=https://www.opendemocracy.net/can-europe-make-it/michal-simecka/babi-czech-republic-too-thin-gruel \|title=Babiš' Czech Republic: too thin a gruel? \|website=openDemocracy \|first=Michal \|last=Simecka \|date=20 October 2017 \|access-date=23 October 2017}}{{cite news \|last=Zachová \|first=Aneta \|date=29 June 2023 \|title=Czech far-right's attempt to block defence agreement with the US failed \|url=https://www.euractiv.com/section/politics/news/czech-far-rights-attempt-to-block-defence-agreement-with-the-us-failed/ \|work=[[Euractiv]] \|access-date=22 May 2024}}{{cite news \|last=Eisenchteter \|first=Jules \|date=13 May 2025 \|title='Dysfunctional' Parliament Exemplifies Czechia's Toxic and Polarised Politics \|url=https://balkaninsight.com/2025/05/13/dysfunctional-parliament-exemplifies-czechias-toxic-and-polarised-politics/ \|work=Reporting Democracy \|publisher=Balkan Insight \|access-date=5 August 2025}}{{cite web \|last=Tkáčová \|first=Natália \|date=19 November 2024 \|title=35 Years after the Velvet Revolution: A Reflection on Democracy and Its Challenges \|url=https://www.freiheit.org/central-europe-and-baltic-states/35-years-after-velvet-revolution-reflection-democracy-and-its \|website=[[Friedrich Naumann Foundation]] \|access-date=5 August 2025}}{{cite news \|last=Jochecová \|first=Ketrin \|date=24 September 2024 \|title=Czech government in disarray after poor election results \|url=https://www.politico.eu/article/czech-government-in-disarray-after-poor-election-results-landslide-victory-andrej-babis-ano/ \|work=Politico \|access-date=5 August 2025}}{{cite news \|last=Pohanka \|first=Vít \|date=3 April 2025 \|title=Jiří Pehe: Czechia must be ready for a more intense hybrid war from Russia \|url=https://english.radio.cz/jiri-pehe-czechia-must-be-ready-a-more-intense-hybrid-war-russia-8844535 \|work=Radio Prague International \|access-date=5 August 2025}}{{cite web \|date=8 October 2021 \|title=What chance of a referendum on 'Czexit' after this weekend's election?\|url=https://www.euronews.com/2021/10/08/czexit-what-chance-of-a-referendum-on-the-czech-republic-quitting-the-eu \|access-date=10 October 2021 \|publisher=Euronews}}{{cite news \|last=Zachová \|first=Aneta \|date=7 July 2025 \|title=Tokyo-born Czech nationalist revives Czexit ahead of national election \|url=https://www.euractiv.com/section/politics/news/tokyo-born-czech-nationalist-revives-czexit-ahead-of-national-election/ \|work=Euractiv \|access-date=5 August 2025}}{{cite web \|last=Beck \|first=Robert \|date=1 July 2025 \|title=Czech Republic Faces Pressing Security Challenges Ahead of Parliamentary Elections \|url=https://www.fpri.org/article/2025/07/czech-republic-faces-pressing-security-challenges-ahead-of-parliamentary-elections/ \|website=[[Foreign Policy Research Institute]] (FPRI) \|access-date=5 August 2025}}{{cite book \|last1=Eberle \|first1=Jakub \|last2=Daniel \|first2=Jan \|date=23 June 2023 \|title=Politics of Hybrid Warfare The Remaking of Security in Czechia After 2014 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kwfHEAAAQBAJ&dq=%22far-right+Freedom+and+Direct+Democracy%22&pg=PA9 \|location=Germany \|publisher=Springer International Publishing \|page=9 \|isbn=9783031327032 \|access-date=5 August 2025}}{{cite book \|editor-last1=Rhinard \|editor-first1=Mark \|editor-last2=Nugent \|editor-first2=Neill \|editor-last3=Paterson \|editor-first3=William \|date=19 October 2023 \|title=Crises and Challenges for the European Union \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zE7eEAAAQBAJ \|location=India \|publisher=Bloomsbury Academic \|page=242 \|isbn=9781350342903 \|access-date=5 August 2025}}}} [[List of political parties in the Czech Republic\|political party]] in the [[Czech Republic]].{{cite web \|author=Fernando Casal Bertoa \|title=The Czech Republic finally has a new government: it has a prosecuted populist Prime Minister and is supported by the Communists \|url=https://whogoverns.eu/the-czech-republic-finally-has-a-new-government-it-has-a-prosecuted-populist-prime-minister-and-is-supported-by-the-communists/ \|access-date=2021-10-16 \|website=Who Governs Europe}} It is led by [[Tomio Okamura]] and holds 15 seats in the [[Chamber of Deputies of the Czech Republic\|Chamber of Deputies]]. Its political positions are [[nationalist]]{{refn\|}} and [[neo-fascist]],{{refn\|{{cite news \|last=Cunningham \|first=Benjamin \|date=April 2018 \|title=Graft that might not be there \|url=https://mondediplo.com/2018/04/07eastern-europe \|work=Le Monde diplomatique \|access-date=7 August 2025}}{{cite web \|last=Benakis \|first=Theodoros \|date=10 June 2024 \|title=Discover the far-right parties in the new European Parliament \|url=https://www.europeaninterest.eu/discover-the-far-right-parties-in-the-new-european-parliament/ \|access-date=24 August 2024 \|website=European Interest}}}} espousing [[right-wing populism]],{{refn\|}} expressing [[opposition to immigration]],{{cite web \|url=http://www.radio.cz/en/section/news/okamura-registers-new-anti-immigrant-party-freedom-and-direct-democracy \|title=Okamura registers new anti-immigrant party Freedom and Direct Democracy \|work=Radio Prague \|date=16 June 2015 \|access-date=3 July 2016}}{{cite web \|date=23 October 2017 \|title=Okamura tells daily Freedom and Direct Democracy Party wants to be part of coalition government \|first=Jan \|last=Velinger \|url=https://english.radio.cz/okamura-tells-daily-freedom-and-direct-democracy-party-wants-be-part-coalition-8178663 \|access-date=2021-10-16 \|website=Radio Prague}} and being [[Hard Eurosceptic\|staunchly Eurosceptic]],{{cite journal \|last1=Brack \|first1=Nathalie \|last2=Startin \|first2=Nicholas \|date=2015 \|title=Introduction: Euroscepticism, from the margins to the mainstream \|url=http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0192512115577231 \|journal=International Political Science Review \|volume=36 \|issue=3 \|page=244 \|doi=10.1177/0192512115577231 \|s2cid=145663358 \|issn=0192-5121 \|url-access=subscription}} while in its political program it states its support for [[direct democracy]].{{cite web \|url=http://www.parties-and-elections.eu/czechia.html \|title=Czechia \|first=Wolfram \|last=Nordsieck \|website=Parties and Elections in Europe \|date=2017}}		'''Freedom and Direct Democracy''' ({{langx\|cs\|Svoboda a přímá demokracie}}, '''SPD''') is a [[far-right]]{{refn\|{{cite web \|author= \|title=European Election Watch Czech Republic \|url=https://www.csis.org/programs/european-election-watch/czech-republic \|date= \|publisher=[[Center for Strategic and International Studies]] (CSIS) \|access-date=4 January 2022 \|quote= \|archive-date=4 January 2022 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220104035707/https://www.csis.org/programs/european-election-watch/czech-republic \|url-status=dead}}{{cite news \|last1=Muller \|first1=Robert \|last2=Lopatka \|first2=Jan \|title=Far-right scores surprise success in Czech election \|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-czech-election-farright/far-right-scores-surprise-success-in-czech-election-idUSKBN1CQ0T3 \|publisher=Reuters \|date=21 October 2017 \|access-date=23 October 2017}}{{cite news \|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/10/19/far-right-czech-election-kingmaker-calls-referendum-eu-membership/ \|title=Far-Right Czech election 'kingmaker' calls for referendum on EU membership 'just like Britain' \|work=The Daily Telegraph \|first=Matthew \|last=Day \|date=19 October 2017 \|access-date=23 October 2017}}{{cite news \|url=https://www.opendemocracy.net/can-europe-make-it/michal-simecka/babi-czech-republic-too-thin-gruel \|title=Babiš' Czech Republic: too thin a gruel? \|website=openDemocracy \|first=Michal \|last=Simecka \|date=20 October 2017 \|access-date=23 October 2017}}{{cite news \|last=Zachová \|first=Aneta \|date=29 June 2023 \|title=Czech far-right's attempt to block defence agreement with the US failed \|url=https://www.euractiv.com/section/politics/news/czech-far-rights-attempt-to-block-defence-agreement-with-the-us-failed/ \|work=[[Euractiv]] \|access-date=22 May 2024}}{{cite news \|last=Eisenchteter \|first=Jules \|date=13 May 2025 \|title='Dysfunctional' Parliament Exemplifies Czechia's Toxic and Polarised Politics \|url=https://balkaninsight.com/2025/05/13/dysfunctional-parliament-exemplifies-czechias-toxic-and-polarised-politics/ \|work=Reporting Democracy \|publisher=Balkan Insight \|access-date=5 August 2025}}{{cite web \|last=Tkáčová \|first=Natália \|date=19 November 2024 \|title=35 Years after the Velvet Revolution: A Reflection on Democracy and Its Challenges \|url=https://www.freiheit.org/central-europe-and-baltic-states/35-years-after-velvet-revolution-reflection-democracy-and-its \|website=[[Friedrich Naumann Foundation]] \|access-date=5 August 2025}}{{cite news \|last=Jochecová \|first=Ketrin \|date=24 September 2024 \|title=Czech government in disarray after poor election results \|url=https://www.politico.eu/article/czech-government-in-disarray-after-poor-election-results-landslide-victory-andrej-babis-ano/ \|work=Politico \|access-date=5 August 2025}}{{cite news \|last=Pohanka \|first=Vít \|date=3 April 2025 \|title=Jiří Pehe: Czechia must be ready for a more intense hybrid war from Russia \|url=https://english.radio.cz/jiri-pehe-czechia-must-be-ready-a-more-intense-hybrid-war-russia-8844535 \|work=Radio Prague International \|access-date=5 August 2025}}{{cite web \|date=8 October 2021 \|title=What chance of a referendum on 'Czexit' after this weekend's election?\|url=https://www.euronews.com/2021/10/08/czexit-what-chance-of-a-referendum-on-the-czech-republic-quitting-the-eu \|access-date=10 October 2021 \|publisher=Euronews}}{{cite news \|last=Zachová \|first=Aneta \|date=7 July 2025 \|title=Tokyo-born Czech nationalist revives Czexit ahead of national election \|url=https://www.euractiv.com/section/politics/news/tokyo-born-czech-nationalist-revives-czexit-ahead-of-national-election/ \|work=Euractiv \|access-date=5 August 2025}}{{cite web \|last=Beck \|first=Robert \|date=1 July 2025 \|title=Czech Republic Faces Pressing Security Challenges Ahead of Parliamentary Elections \|url=https://www.fpri.org/article/2025/07/czech-republic-faces-pressing-security-challenges-ahead-of-parliamentary-elections/ \|website=[[Foreign Policy Research Institute]] (FPRI) \|access-date=5 August 2025}}{{cite book \|last1=Eberle \|first1=Jakub \|last2=Daniel \|first2=Jan \|date=23 June 2023 \|title=Politics of Hybrid Warfare The Remaking of Security in Czechia After 2014 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kwfHEAAAQBAJ&dq=%22far-right+Freedom+and+Direct+Democracy%22&pg=PA9 \|location=Germany \|publisher=Springer International Publishing \|page=9 \|isbn=9783031327032 \|access-date=5 August 2025}}{{cite book \|editor-last1=Rhinard \|editor-first1=Mark \|editor-last2=Nugent \|editor-first2=Neill \|editor-last3=Paterson \|editor-first3=William \|date=19 October 2023 \|title=Crises and Challenges for the European Union \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zE7eEAAAQBAJ \|location=India \|publisher=Bloomsbury Academic \|page=242 \|isbn=9781350342903 \|access-date=5 August 2025}}}} [[List of political parties in the Czech Republic\|political party]] in the [[Czech Republic]].{{cite web \|author=Fernando Casal Bertoa \|title=The Czech Republic finally has a new government: it has a prosecuted populist Prime Minister and is supported by the Communists \|url=https://whogoverns.eu/the-czech-republic-finally-has-a-new-government-it-has-a-prosecuted-populist-prime-minister-and-is-supported-by-the-communists/ \|access-date=2021-10-16 \|website=Who Governs Europe}} It is led by [[Tomio Okamura]] and holds 15 seats in the [[Chamber of Deputies of the Czech Republic\|Chamber of Deputies]]. Its political positions are [[nationalist]]{{refn\|>{{cite web\|last1=Beran\|first1=Vojtěch\|title=42 "vlasteneckých" a nacionalistických skupin v Česku\|url=http://echo24.cz/a/in5pD/42-vlasteneckych-a-nacionalistickych-skupin-v-cesku\|website=Echo24.cz\|access-date=15 September 2017\|language=cs\|date=13 November 2016}}>}} and [[neo-fascist]],{{refn\|{{cite news \|last=Cunningham \|first=Benjamin \|date=April 2018 \|title=Graft that might not be there \|url=https://mondediplo.com/2018/04/07eastern-europe \|work=Le Monde diplomatique \|access-date=7 August 2025}}{{cite web \|last=Benakis \|first=Theodoros \|date=10 June 2024 \|title=Discover the far-right parties in the new European Parliament \|url=https://www.europeaninterest.eu/discover-the-far-right-parties-in-the-new-european-parliament/ \|access-date=24 August 2024 \|website=European Interest}}}} espousing [[right-wing populism]],{{refn\|}} expressing [[opposition to immigration]],{{cite web \|url=http://www.radio.cz/en/section/news/okamura-registers-new-anti-immigrant-party-freedom-and-direct-democracy \|title=Okamura registers new anti-immigrant party Freedom and Direct Democracy \|work=Radio Prague \|date=16 June 2015 \|access-date=3 July 2016}}{{cite web \|date=23 October 2017 \|title=Okamura tells daily Freedom and Direct Democracy Party wants to be part of coalition government \|first=Jan \|last=Velinger \|url=https://english.radio.cz/okamura-tells-daily-freedom-and-direct-democracy-party-wants-be-part-coalition-8178663 \|access-date=2021-10-16 \|website=Radio Prague}} and being [[Hard Eurosceptic\|staunchly Eurosceptic]],{{cite journal \|last1=Brack \|first1=Nathalie \|last2=Startin \|first2=Nicholas \|date=2015 \|title=Introduction: Euroscepticism, from the margins to the mainstream \|url=http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0192512115577231 \|journal=International Political Science Review \|volume=36 \|issue=3 \|page=244 \|doi=10.1177/0192512115577231 \|s2cid=145663358 \|issn=0192-5121 \|url-access=subscription}} while in its political program it states its support for [[direct democracy]].{{cite web \|url=http://www.parties-and-elections.eu/czechia.html \|title=Czechia \|first=Wolfram \|last=Nordsieck \|website=Parties and Elections in Europe \|date=2017}}

	At the end of 2022, the party had 10,682 members and was the fastest-growing party in the country in terms of members.{{cite web \| url=https://www.novinky.cz/clanek/domaci-nejvic-pribylo-clenu-spd-pada-ods-40435925 \| title=Nejvíc přibylo členů SPD, padá ODS \| date=27 June 2023 \| first=Karolina \|last=Brodníčková \|website=Novinky.cz}}		At the end of 2022, the party had 10,682 members and was the fastest-growing party in the country in terms of members.{{cite web \| url=https://www.novinky.cz/clanek/domaci-nejvic-pribylo-clenu-spd-pada-ods-40435925 \| title=Nejvíc přibylo členů SPD, padá ODS \| date=27 June 2023 \| first=Karolina \|last=Brodníčková \|website=Novinky.cz}}
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	During the [[2021 Czech parliamentary election]], SPD finished fourth with 20 MPs.{{Cite web\|title=Results\|url=https://www.e15.cz/volby-snemovna\|access-date=2021-10-10\|website=E15.cz\|language=cs}}		During the [[2021 Czech parliamentary election]], SPD finished fourth with 20 MPs.{{Cite web\|title=Results\|url=https://www.e15.cz/volby-snemovna\|access-date=2021-10-10\|website=E15.cz\|language=cs}}

	On 25 February 2022,{{cite web \|title=Institut svobody a přímé demokracie, z. ú. – IČO 14294982 – Obchodní rejstřík na Podnikatel.cz \|url=https://www.podnikatel.cz/rejstrik/institut-svobody-a-prime-demokracie-z-u-14294982/ \|website=Podnikatel.cz \|access-date=22 April 2022 \|language=cs}} the party established its own [[think tank]], the Institute of Freedom and Direct Democracy,{{cite web \|title=SPD připravuje vlastní politický institut. Dostane na něj peníze od státu \|url=https://www.seznamzpravy.cz/clanek/domaci-politika-spd-pripravuje-vlastni-politicky-institut-dostane-na-nej-penize-od-statu-184057 \|website=Seznam Zprávy\|date=January 2022 \|access-date=21 April 2022\|language=cs}} focused on the "development of democracy, the rule of law, pluralism of opinions and the protection of fundamental human rights",">{{cite web \|title=SPD má vlastní politickou neziskovku. Chce s ní rozvíjet demokracii a podporovat "vlastence" \|url=http://www.romea.cz/cz/zpravodajstvi/spd-ma-vlastni-politickou-neziskovku.chce-s-ni-rozvijet-demokracii-a-podporovat-vlastence \|website=romea.cz \|date=2 March 2022 \|access-date=22 April 2022\|language=cs}} with Josef Nerušil as its first Chairman.{{cite web \|title=SPD má vlastní politickou neziskovku. Chce s ní rozvíjet demokracii a podporovat "vlastence" \|url=https://hlidacipes.org/spd-ma-vlastni-politickou-neziskovku-chce-s-ni-rozvijet-demokracii-a-podporovat-vlastence/ \|website=HlídacíPes.org \|access-date=22 April 2022 \|language=cs \|date=1 March 2022}}		On 25 February 2022,{{cite web \|title=Institut svobody a přímé demokracie, z. ú. – IČO 14294982 – Obchodní rejstřík na Podnikatel.cz \|url=https://www.podnikatel.cz/rejstrik/institut-svobody-a-prime-demokracie-z-u-14294982/ \|website=Podnikatel.cz \|access-date=22 April 2022 \|language=cs}} the party established its own [[think tank]], the Institute of Freedom and Direct Democracy,{{cite web \|title=SPD připravuje vlastní politický institut. Dostane na něj peníze od státu \|url=https://www.seznamzpravy.cz/clanek/domaci-politika-spd-pripravuje-vlastni-politicky-institut-dostane-na-nej-penize-od-statu-184057 \|website=Seznam Zprávy\|date=January 2022 \|access-date=21 April 2022\|language=cs}} focused on the "development of democracy, the rule of law, pluralism of opinions and the protection of fundamental human rights",{{cite web \|title=SPD má vlastní politickou neziskovku. Chce s ní rozvíjet demokracii a podporovat "vlastence" \|url=http://www.romea.cz/cz/zpravodajstvi/spd-ma-vlastni-politickou-neziskovku.chce-s-ni-rozvijet-demokracii-a-podporovat-vlastence \|website=romea.cz \|date=2 March 2022 \|access-date=22 April 2022\|language=cs}} with Josef Nerušil as its first Chairman.{{cite web \|title=SPD má vlastní politickou neziskovku. Chce s ní rozvíjet demokracii a podporovat "vlastence" \|url=https://hlidacipes.org/spd-ma-vlastni-politickou-neziskovku-chce-s-ni-rozvijet-demokracii-a-podporovat-vlastence/ \|website=HlídacíPes.org \|access-date=22 April 2022 \|language=cs \|date=1 March 2022}}

	On 14 September 2022, MEP [[Hynek Blaško]] left SPD due to disagreement with Okamura's leadership of the party.{{cite web \|first=Jan\|last=Pánik\|title=Blaško odešel z SPD. Holedbáte se demokracií, ale realita je zcela odlišná, napsal Okamurovi \|url=https://www.forum24.cz/blasko-odesel-z-spd-holedbate-se-demokracii-ale-realita-je-zcela-odlisna-napsal-okamurovi/\|website=forum24.cz\|access-date=15 September 2022 \|language=cs\|date=15 September 2022}}		On 14 September 2022, MEP [[Hynek Blaško]] left SPD due to disagreement with Okamura's leadership of the party.{{cite web \|first=Jan\|last=Pánik\|title=Blaško odešel z SPD. Holedbáte se demokracií, ale realita je zcela odlišná, napsal Okamurovi \|url=https://www.forum24.cz/blasko-odesel-z-spd-holedbate-se-demokracii-ale-realita-je-zcela-odlisna-napsal-okamurovi/\|website=forum24.cz\|access-date=15 September 2022 \|language=cs\|date=15 September 2022}}

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