Franklin Large Igneous Province

[[File:Rampart Land (9735272652).jpg|thumb|upright=1.5|A [[Neoproterozoic]] Coronation Sill on the mainland south of [[Coronation Gulf]], east of [[Kugluktuk]]. This is just one of dozens of parallel sills slicing through [[Nunavut]]'s western mainland, each with the same shallow dip to the north. They form a series of ramparts on land and many linear sets of islands out in the ocean.]]

[[File:Rampart Land (9735272652).jpg|thumb|upright=1.5|A [[Neoproterozoic]] Coronation Sill on the mainland south of [[Coronation Gulf]], east of [[Kugluktuk]]. This is just one of dozens of parallel sills slicing through [[Nunavut]]'s western mainland, each with the same shallow dip to the north. They form a series of ramparts on land and many linear sets of islands out in the ocean.]]

The '''Franklin Large Igneous Province''' is a [[large igneous province]] in the [[Canadian Arctic]] of [[Northern Canada]]. It represents one of the largest large igneous provinces in Canada, extending for more than {{convert|1200|km|mi|abbr=on}} across the [[Canadian Arctic Archipelago]] and northwestern [[Greenland]]. The Franklin Large Igneous Province covers an area of more than {{Convert|1100000|km2|mi2|abbr=on}}. It consists of the [[Natkusiak flood basalts]] on [[Victoria Island (Canada)|Victoria Island]], the [[Coronation sills]] on the southern shore of the [[Coronation Gulf]] and the large [[Franklin dike swarm]].{{Cite journal |last=Ernst |first=R. E. |last2=Buchan |first2=K. L. |last3=Harris |first3=B. A. |last4=Hanes |first4=J. A. |last5=Milner |first5=M. W. |last6=La Prairie |first6=L. F. |date=2004-05 |title=Ar40-Ar39 Dating of the Lasard River Mafic Dykes, and Implications for the Focus of the 0.72 Ga Franklin Large Igneous Province of Northern Canada |url=https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2004AGUSM.V43A..07E/abstract |journal=AGU Spring Meeting Abstracts |language=en |volume=2004 |pages=V43A–07}}

The '''Franklin Large Igneous Province''' is a [[large igneous province]] in the [[Canadian Arctic]] of [[Northern Canada]]. It represents one of the largest large igneous provinces in Canada, extending for more than {{convert|1200|km|mi|abbr=on}} across the [[Canadian Arctic Archipelago]] and northwestern [[Greenland]]. The Franklin Large Igneous Province covers an area of more than {{Convert|1100000|km2|mi2|abbr=on}}. It consists of the [[Natkusiak flood basalts]] on [[Victoria Island (Canada)|Victoria Island]], the [[Coronation sills]] on the southern shore of the [[Coronation Gulf]] and the large [[Franklin dike swarm]].{{Cite journal |last=Ernst |first=R. E. |last2=Buchan |first2=K. L. |last3=Harris |first3=B. A. |last4=Hanes |first4=J. A. |last5=Milner |first5=M. W. |last6=La Prairie |first6=L. F. |date=May 2004 |title=Ar40-Ar39 Dating of the Lasard River Mafic Dykes, and Implications for the Focus of the 0.72 Ga Franklin Large Igneous Province of Northern Canada |url=https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2004AGUSM.V43A..07E/abstract |journal=AGU Spring Meeting Abstracts |language=en |volume=2004 |pages=V43A–07}}

The Franklin Large Igneous Province erupted more than 700 million years ago and lasted over the course of about two million years. The eruptions of this province represents one of the largest magnetic episodes in the [[Geologic record|geological record]] of Earth.[http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Igneous+rock+associations+in+Canada+3.+Large+Igneous+Provinces+(LIPs)+...-a0124343378 Igneous rock associations in Canada 3. Large Igneous Provinces (LIPs) in Canada and adjacent regions: 3 Ga to Present.]{{Cite journal |last=Dufour |first=Frédéric |last2=Davies |first2=Joshua H. F. L. |last3=Greenman |first3=J. Wilder |last4=Skulski |first4=Thomas |last5=Halverson |first5=Galen P. |last6=Stevenson |first6=Ross |date=2023-09-15 |title=New U-Pb CA-ID TIMS zircon ages implicate the Franklin LIP as the proximal trigger for the Sturtian Snowball Earth event |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0012821X23002728 |journal=Earth and Planetary Science Letters |language=en |volume=618 |article-number=118259 |doi=10.1016/j.epsl.2023.118259 |issn=0012-821X|url-access=subscription }}

The Franklin Large Igneous Province erupted more than 700 million years ago and lasted over the course of about two million years. The eruptions of this province represents one of the largest magnetic episodes in the [[Geologic record|geological record]] of Earth.[http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Igneous+rock+associations+in+Canada+3.+Large+Igneous+Provinces+(LIPs)+...-a0124343378 Igneous rock associations in Canada 3. Large Igneous Provinces (LIPs) in Canada and adjacent regions: 3 Ga to Present.]{{Cite journal |last=Dufour |first=Frédéric |last2=Davies |first2=Joshua H. F. L. |last3=Greenman |first3=J. Wilder |last4=Skulski |first4=Thomas |last5=Halverson |first5=Galen P. |last6=Stevenson |first6=Ross |date=2023-09-15 |title=New U-Pb CA-ID TIMS zircon ages implicate the Franklin LIP as the proximal trigger for the Sturtian Snowball Earth event |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0012821X23002728 |journal=Earth and Planetary Science Letters |language=en |volume=618 |article-number=118259 |doi=10.1016/j.epsl.2023.118259 |issn=0012-821X|url-access=subscription }}

== Effects ==

== Effects ==

{{See also|Snowball Earth|Cryogenian}}

{{See also|Snowball Earth|Cryogenian}}

The emplacement of large igneous provinces have been shown to have major effects on the environment of Earth. Many studies have found correlations between major climatic events in Earths history and the emplacement of large igneous provinces such as the [[Siberian Traps|Siberian traps]] and the [[Permian–Triassic extinction event|great dying]] at the end of the [[Permian|Permian period]],{{Cite journal |last=Burgess |first=Seth D. |last2=Black |first2=Benjamin A. |date=2025-05-30 |title=The Anatomy and Lethality of the Siberian Traps Large Igneous Province |url=https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-040722-105544 |journal=Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences |language=en |volume=53 |issue=Volume 53, 2025 |pages=567–594 |doi=10.1146/annurev-earth-040722-105544 |issn=0084-6597}} the [[Central Atlantic magmatic province|CAMP]] eruptions and the [[Triassic–Jurassic extinction|Triassic-Jurassic extinction]],{{Cite journal |last=Davies |first=J. H. F. L. |last2=Marzoli |first2=A. |last3=Bertrand |first3=H. |last4=Youbi |first4=N. |last5=Ernesto |first5=M. |last6=Schaltegger |first6=U. |date=2017-05-31 |title=End-Triassic mass extinction started by intrusive CAMP activity |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/ncomms15596 |journal=Nature Communications |language=en |volume=8 |issue=1 |pages=15596 |doi=10.1038/ncomms15596 |issn=2041-1723}} or the [[Deccan Traps|Deccan traps]] and the [[Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event|End-Cretaceous]].{{Cite journal |last=Petersen |first=Sierra V. |last2=Dutton |first2=Andrea |last3=Lohmann |first3=Kyger C. |date=2016-07-05 |title=End-Cretaceous extinction in Antarctica linked to both Deccan volcanism and meteorite impact via climate change |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/ncomms12079 |journal=Nature Communications |language=en |volume=7 |issue=1 |pages=12079 |doi=10.1038/ncomms12079 |issn=2041-1723}} This means that the Franklin large igneous province likely had significant effects on the climate of the Earth.{{Citation |last=Kasbohm |first=Jennifer |title=Radiometric Constraints on the Timing, Tempo, and Effects of Large Igneous Province Emplacement |date=2021-01-08 |work=Geophysical Monograph Series |pages=27–82 |editor-last=Ernst |editor-first=Richard E. |url=https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/9781119507444.ch2 |access-date=2026-04-27 |edition=1 |publisher=Wiley |language=en |doi=10.1002/9781119507444.ch2 |isbn=978-1-119-50745-1 |last2=Schoene |first2=Blair |last3=Burgess |first3=Seth |editor2-last=Dickson |editor2-first=Alexander J. |editor3-last=Bekker |editor3-first=Andrey}}

The emplacement of large igneous provinces have been shown to have major effects on the environment of Earth. Many studies have found correlations between major climatic events in Earths history and the emplacement of large igneous provinces such as the [[Siberian Traps|Siberian traps]] and the [[Permian–Triassic extinction event|great dying]] at the end of the [[Permian|Permian period]],{{Cite journal |last=Burgess |first=Seth D. |last2=Black |first2=Benjamin A. |date=2025-05-30 |title=The Anatomy and Lethality of the Siberian Traps Large Igneous Province |url=https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-earth-040722-105544 |journal=Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences |language=en |volume=53 |issue= |pages=567–594 |doi=10.1146/annurev-earth-040722-105544 |issn=0084-6597}} the [[Central Atlantic magmatic province|CAMP]] eruptions and the [[Triassic–Jurassic extinction|Triassic-Jurassic extinction]],{{Cite journal |last=Davies |first=J. H. F. L. |last2=Marzoli |first2=A. |last3=Bertrand |first3=H. |last4=Youbi |first4=N. |last5=Ernesto |first5=M. |last6=Schaltegger |first6=U. |date=2017-05-31 |title=End-Triassic mass extinction started by intrusive CAMP activity |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/ncomms15596 |journal=Nature Communications |language=en |volume=8 |issue=1 |pages=15596 |doi=10.1038/ncomms15596 |issn=2041-1723}} or the [[Deccan Traps|Deccan traps]] and the [[Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event|End-Cretaceous]].{{Cite journal |last=Petersen |first=Sierra V. |last2=Dutton |first2=Andrea |last3=Lohmann |first3=Kyger C. |date=2016-07-05 |title=End-Cretaceous extinction in Antarctica linked to both Deccan volcanism and meteorite impact via climate change |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/ncomms12079 |journal=Nature Communications |language=en |volume=7 |issue=1 |pages=12079 |doi=10.1038/ncomms12079 |issn=2041-1723}} This means that the Franklin large igneous province likely had significant effects on the climate of the Earth.{{Citation |last=Kasbohm |first=Jennifer |title=Radiometric Constraints on the Timing, Tempo, and Effects of Large Igneous Province Emplacement |date=2021-01-08 |work=Geophysical Monograph Series |pages=27–82 |editor-last=Ernst |editor-first=Richard E. |url=https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/9781119507444.ch2 |access-date=2026-04-27 |edition=1 |publisher=Wiley |language=en |doi=10.1002/9781119507444.ch2 |isbn=978-1-119-50745-1 |last2=Schoene |first2=Blair |last3=Burgess |first3=Seth |editor2-last=Dickson |editor2-first=Alexander J. |editor3-last=Bekker |editor3-first=Andrey}}

The onset of [[Glacial period|glaciation]] during the [[Cryogenian|Cryogenian period]] occurred just 0.9 to 1.6 million years after the emplacement of the Franklin Large Igneous Province. The periods of glaciation that occurred during the Cryogenian is known as [[snowball Earth]]. This period is marked by ice coverage over the surface of Earth from the [[Polar regions of Earth|polar]] to [[Equator|equatorial]] latitudes. There were two major glacial periods that occurred, the [[Sturtian glaciation]] which occurred around 717 to 659 Million years ago and the [[Marinoan glaciation]] which occurred >639 to 635 Million years ago.

The onset of [[Glacial period|glaciation]] during the [[Cryogenian|Cryogenian period]] occurred just 0.9 to 1.6 million years after the emplacement of the Franklin Large Igneous Province. The periods of glaciation that occurred during the Cryogenian is known as [[snowball Earth]]. This period is marked by ice coverage over the surface of Earth from the [[Polar regions of Earth|polar]] to [[Equator|equatorial]] latitudes. There were two major glacial periods that occurred, the [[Sturtian glaciation]] which occurred around 717 to 659 Million years ago and the [[Marinoan glaciation]] which occurred >639 to 635 Million years ago.