Felix Boehm

==Biography==

==Biography==

He had four brothers and both his father and his paternal grandfather were in the publishing business. Felix Boehm completed his ''[[Matura]]'' in 1943 and was drafted into Swiss army, which allowed him to study physics part-time at the [[University of Geneva]]. In the autumn of 1943 he matriculated at [[ETH Zurich]]. There he took several classes from [[Wolfgang Pauli]] and graduated in physics with his ''[[Diplom]]'' in 1948 and his [[doctorate]] in 1951{{cite web|title=Interview with Felix H. Boehm conducted by Shirley K. Cohen, Pasadena, California, January-February 1999|website=Oral History Project, California Institute of Technology Archives|year=2001|url=http://oralhistories.library.caltech.edu/115/}}{{cite web|author=Alder, Kurt|title=Felix H. Boehm|website=Historisches Lexikon der Schweiz|date=October 25, 2021|url=https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/de/articles/043535/2021-10-25/}} with doctoral advisor [[Paul Scherrer]].{{MathGenealogy|name=Felix Boehm|id=102813}} Boehm worked as an assistant to Scherrer from 1951 to March 1952 and then went as a Boese Fellow to [[Columbia University]], where he studied with [[C. S. Wu]] for a year and a half. As a postdoctoral research fellow he went in July 1953 to [[Caltech]], where he studied with [[Jesse DuMond]] and [[Charles Lauritsen]]. In 1957 Boehm married Ruth Sommerhalder, whom he met in 1956 at a social occasion at the Swiss consulate in Los Angeles. At Caltech he became in 1958 an assistant professor, in 1961 a full professor at Caltech, in 1985 William L. Valentine Professor of Physics, and in 1995 professor emeritus in retirement. In 1960 he played an essential role in bringing [[Rudolf Mössbauer]] to the California Institute of Technology. In 1961 Boehm was awarded a 2-year [[Sloan Research Fellowship]].{{cite news|title=Sloan Grants|newspaper=The Month at Caltech|page=20|date=March 1961|url=https://calteches.library.caltech.edu/2062/1/themonth.pdf}}

He had four brothers and both his father and his paternal grandfather were in the publishing business. Felix Boehm completed his ''[[Matura]]'' in 1943 and was drafted into Swiss army, which allowed him to study physics part-time at the [[University of Geneva]]. In the autumn of 1943 he matriculated at [[ETH Zurich]]. There he took several classes from [[Wolfgang Pauli]] and graduated in physics with his ''[[Diplom]]'' in 1948 and his [[doctorate]] in 1951{{cite web|title=Interview with Felix H. Boehm conducted by Shirley K. Cohen, Pasadena, California, January-February 1999|website=Oral History Project, California Institute of Technology Archives|year=2001|url=http://oralhistories.library.caltech.edu/115/}}{{cite web|author=Alder, Kurt|title=Felix H. Boehm|website=Historisches Lexikon der Schweiz|date=October 25, 2021|url=https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/de/articles/043535/2021-10-25/}} with doctoral advisor [[Paul Scherrer]].{{MathGenealogy|name=Felix Boehm|id=102813}} Boehm worked as an assistant to Scherrer from 1951 to March 1952 and then went as a Boese Fellow to [[Columbia University]], where he studied with [[C. S. Wu]] for a year and a half. As a postdoctoral research fellow he went in July 1953 to [[Caltech]], where he studied with [[Jesse DuMond]] and [[Charles Lauritsen]]. In 1957, Boehm married Ruth Sommerhalder, whom he met in 1956 at a social occasion at the Swiss consulate in Los Angeles. At Caltech he became in 1958 an assistant professor, in 1961 a full professor at Caltech, in 1985 William L. Valentine Professor of Physics, and in 1995 professor emeritus in retirement. In 1960, he played an essential role in bringing [[Rudolf Mössbauer]] to the California Institute of Technology. In 1961, Boehm was awarded a 2-year [[Sloan Research Fellowship]].{{cite news|title=Sloan Grants|newspaper=The Month at Caltech|page=20|date=March 1961|url=https://calteches.library.caltech.edu/2062/1/themonth.pdf}}

He held visiting positions in 1957/58 at the [[University of Heidelberg]] (at the invitation of [[Johannes Hans Daniel Jensen|Jensen]]), 1965/66 at the [[University of Copenhagen]], in 1971/72 at [[CERN]],{{Cite journal |last1=Walter |first1=H.K. |last2=Vuilleumier |first2=J.H. |last3=Backe |first3=H. |last4=Boehm |first4=F. |last5=Engfer |first5=R. |last6=Gunten |first6=A.H.v. |last7=Link |first7=R. |last8=Michaelsen |first8=R. |last9=Petitjean |first9=C. |last10=Schellenberg |first10=L. |last11=Schneuwly |first11=H. |last12=Schröder |first12=W.U. |last13=Zehnder |first13=A. |year=1972 |title=Test of quantum-electrodynamical corrections in muonic atoms |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/037026937290408X |journal=Physics Letters B |language=en |volume=40 |issue=2 |pages=197–199 |doi=10.1016/0370-2693(72)90408-X|bibcode=1972PhLB...40..197W |url-access=subscription }} and in 1979/80 at the [[Institut Laue-Langevin]] in [[Grenoble]], where he also worked with scientists from the [[Paul Scherrer Institute]]. He was a visiting professor in 1980 at the [[Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich]] and 1981 at ETH Zurich. (Years earlier he had turned down an offer of a professorship at ETH in favor of Caltech.)

He held visiting positions in 1957/58 at [[Heidelberg University]] (at the invitation of [[Johannes Hans Daniel Jensen|Jensen]]), 1965/66 at the [[University of Copenhagen]], in 1971/72 at [[CERN]],{{Cite journal |last1=Walter |first1=H.K. |last2=Vuilleumier |first2=J.H. |last3=Backe |first3=H. |last4=Boehm |first4=F. |last5=Engfer |first5=R. |last6=Gunten |first6=A.H.v. |last7=Link |first7=R. |last8=Michaelsen |first8=R. |last9=Petitjean |first9=C. |last10=Schellenberg |first10=L. |last11=Schneuwly |first11=H. |last12=Schröder |first12=W.U. |last13=Zehnder |first13=A. |year=1972 |title=Test of quantum-electrodynamical corrections in muonic atoms |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/037026937290408X |journal=Physics Letters B |language=en |volume=40 |issue=2 |pages=197–199 |doi=10.1016/0370-2693(72)90408-X|bibcode=1972PhLB...40..197W |url-access=subscription }} and in 1979/80 at the [[Institut Laue-Langevin]] in [[Grenoble]], where he also worked with scientists from the [[Paul Scherrer Institute]]. He was a visiting professor in 1980 at [[LMU Munich]] and 1981 at [[ETH Zurich]]. (Years earlier he had turned down an offer of a professorship at ETH in favor of Caltech.)

In the 1950s Boehm worked on experiments on [[parity violation]] and experimentally confirmed the violation first reported by C. S. Wu. In 1956 Boehm and [[Aaldert Wapstra]] made the confirmation by measuring the circular polarization of gamma rays in beta decay. At Caltech Boehm came into contact with the theorists [[Richard Feynman]] and [[Murray Gell-Mann]]. Boehm did research on X-ray spectroscopy in nuclear physics, specifically, isotope shift of K-shell electrons and then experiments involving muons at CERN and at the [[Los Alamos Meson Physics Facility]] (LAMPF). He collaborated with French and Swiss scientists on neutrino detection with an experiment set up in the [[Gotthard Tunnel]]. For a number of years, he and his group also searched in vain for violations of time reversal invariance in nuclear physics (but found upper bounds for such violations). At Caltech he did research on [[double beta decay]]. In 1969 and 1970 he and J. C. Vanderleeden found parity non-conservation in nuclear forces by measuring the circular polarization of gamma rays from unpolarized atomic nuclei.{{cite journal|author=Vanderleeden, J. C.|author2=Boehm, F.|title=Experiments on parity non-conservation in nuclear gamma transitions of ¹⁸¹Ta and ¹⁷⁵Lu|journal=Physics Letters|volume=30|issue=7|year=1969|pages=467–469|doi=10.1016/0370-2693(69)90173-7|bibcode=1969PhLB...30..467V }}{{cite journal|author=Vanderleeden, J. C.|author2=Boehm, F.|title=Experiments on Parity Nonconservation in Nuclear Forces. I. Gamma Transitions in ¹⁸¹Ta and ¹⁷⁵Lu|journal=Physical Review C|volume=2|issue=2|pages=748–760|year=1970|doi=10.1103/PhysRevC.2.748}} Beginning in 1970 he collaborated extensively with the theorist Petr Vogel.{{cite web|title=Interview with Petr Vogel conducted by Shirley K. Cohen, Pasadena, California, December 16, 2002 and January 16, 2003|website=Oral History Project, California Institute of Technology Archives|year=2004 |url=http://oralhistories.library.caltech.edu/153/}}

In the 1950s, Boehm worked on experiments on [[parity violation]] and experimentally confirmed the violation first reported by C. S. Wu. In 1956, Boehm and [[Aaldert Wapstra]] made the confirmation by measuring the circular polarization of gamma rays in beta decay. At Caltech Boehm came into contact with the theorists [[Richard Feynman]] and [[Murray Gell-Mann]]. Boehm did research on X-ray spectroscopy in nuclear physics, specifically, isotope shift of K-shell electrons and then experiments involving muons at CERN and at the [[Los Alamos Meson Physics Facility]] (LAMPF). He collaborated with French and Swiss scientists on neutrino detection with an experiment set up in the [[Gotthard Tunnel]]. For a number of years, he and his group also searched in vain for violations of time reversal invariance in nuclear physics (but found upper bounds for such violations). At Caltech, he did research on [[double beta decay]]. In 1969 and 1970 he and J. C. Vanderleeden found parity non-conservation in nuclear forces by measuring the circular polarization of gamma rays from unpolarized atomic nuclei.{{cite journal|author=Vanderleeden, J. C.|author2=Boehm, F.|title=Experiments on parity non-conservation in nuclear gamma transitions of ¹⁸¹Ta and ¹⁷⁵Lu|journal=Physics Letters|volume=30|issue=7|year=1969|pages=467–469|doi=10.1016/0370-2693(69)90173-7|bibcode=1969PhLB...30..467V }}{{cite journal|author=Vanderleeden, J. C.|author2=Boehm, F.|title=Experiments on Parity Nonconservation in Nuclear Forces. I. Gamma Transitions in ¹⁸¹Ta and ¹⁷⁵Lu|journal=Physical Review C|volume=2|issue=2|pages=748–760|year=1970|doi=10.1103/PhysRevC.2.748}} Beginning in 1970 he collaborated extensively with the theorist Petr Vogel.{{cite web|title=Interview with Petr Vogel conducted by Shirley K. Cohen, Pasadena, California, December 16, 2002 and January 16, 2003|website=Oral History Project, California Institute of Technology Archives|year=2004 |url=http://oralhistories.library.caltech.edu/153/}}

In 1980 Boehm received the [[Humboldt Research Award]]. In 1983 he was elected a member of the [[National Academy of Sciences]].{{cite web|title=Felix Boehm|website=Member Directory, National Academy of Sciences|url=http://www.nasonline.org/member-directory/deceased-members/57582.html}}

In 1980, Boehm received the [[Humboldt Research Award]]. In 1983 he was elected a member of the [[National Academy of Sciences]].{{cite web|title=Felix Boehm|website=Member Directory, National Academy of Sciences|url=http://www.nasonline.org/member-directory/deceased-members/57582.html}}

In 1995 he received the [[Tom W. Bonner Prize in Nuclear Physics]] with citation:

In 1995, he received the [[Tom W. Bonner Prize in Nuclear Physics]] with citation:

{{blockquote|"For his pivotal contributions to our understanding of the weak interaction and fundamental symmetries in the nucleus. We especially note (1) his measurements of positron polarization in beta decay and their impact on the development of the [[Weak interactions#Violation of symmetry|V-A theory of weak interactions]], (2) his pioneering studies providing convincing evidence for parity violation in nuclear transitions, and (3) his frontier defining searches for violations of time-reversal invariance in nuclei and for neutrino oscillations."{{cite web|title=1995 Tom W. Bonner Prize in Nuclear Physics Recipient, Felix Boehm|website=American Physical Society|url=https://www.aps.org/programs/honors/prizes/prizerecipient.cfm?last_nm=Boehm&first_nm=Felix&year=1995}}}}

{{blockquote|"For his pivotal contributions to our understanding of the weak interaction and fundamental symmetries in the nucleus. We especially note (1) his measurements of positron polarization in beta decay and their impact on the development of the [[Weak interactions#Violation of symmetry|V-A theory of weak interactions]], (2) his pioneering studies providing convincing evidence for parity violation in nuclear transitions, and (3) his frontier defining searches for violations of time-reversal invariance in nuclei and for neutrino oscillations."{{cite web|title=1995 Tom W. Bonner Prize in Nuclear Physics Recipient, Felix Boehm|website=American Physical Society|url=https://www.aps.org/programs/honors/prizes/prizerecipient.cfm?last_nm=Boehm&first_nm=Felix&year=1995}}}}

In 2006 he was elected a Fellow of the [[American Association for the Advancement of Science]].{{cite web|url=https://www.aaas.org/fellows/historic|title=Historic Fellows Listing| website=American Association for the Advancement of Science}} (search on last name "Boehm")

In 2006, he was elected a Fellow of the [[American Association for the Advancement of Science]].{{cite web|url=https://www.aaas.org/fellows/historic|title=Historic Fellows Listing| website=American Association for the Advancement of Science}} (search on last name "Boehm")

Upon his death in 2021 he was survived by his widow and their two sons.

Upon his death in 2021, he was survived by his widow and their two sons.

==Selected publications==

==Selected publications==