Far-right politics in Finland

The Nazi groups existed as a cooperating network and there was some overlap among the groups, Colliander for example also belonged to Tigerstedt's Black Guard, and Tigerstedt himself also belonged to a Nazi party known as the [[Patriotic People's Party]] ({{Lang|fi|Isänmaallinen Kansanpuolue}}).{{cite book|last=Ekberg|first=Henrik|title=Führerns trogna följeslagare. Den finländska nazismen 1932–1944.|date=1991|publisher=[[Schildts]]|isbn=951-50-0522-1|pages=48–51}} Despite this, some of the groups competed with one another, for instance the SKSL and the SKJ disagreed about the language question. While the SKSL insisted on Finnish language nationalism, the SKJ was bilingual, had many prominent Swedish-speaking Finnish Nazis such as von Bonsdorff and [[Himmler]]'s personal friend [[Thorvald Oljemark]] and was popular among the Swedish-speaking population of [[Uusimaa]].{{cite book|first1=Aapo|last1=Roselius|first2=Oula|last2=Silvennoinen|first3=Marko|last3=Tikka | title = Suomalaiset fasistit | date=2006 | publisher = [[Werner Söderström Osakeyhtiö]] | isbn=9789510417058 }}{{cite book|last=Ekberg|first=Henrik|title=Führerns trogna följeslagare. Den finländska nazismen 1932–1944.|date=1991|publisher=[[Schildts]]|isbn=951-50-0522-1|pages=92, 99–101}}Andersson, Martin: ''Hakkorset på vikingaseglet - nazismens kopplingar till Svenskfinland 1932-48'', Sipoo, 2015. {{ISBN|978-952-93547-4-0}}.

The Nazi groups existed as a cooperating network and there was some overlap among the groups, Colliander for example also belonged to Tigerstedt's Black Guard, and Tigerstedt himself also belonged to a Nazi party known as the [[Patriotic People's Party]] ({{Lang|fi|Isänmaallinen Kansanpuolue}}).{{cite book|last=Ekberg|first=Henrik|title=Führerns trogna följeslagare. Den finländska nazismen 1932–1944.|date=1991|publisher=[[Schildts]]|isbn=951-50-0522-1|pages=48–51}} Despite this, some of the groups competed with one another, for instance the SKSL and the SKJ disagreed about the language question. While the SKSL insisted on Finnish language nationalism, the SKJ was bilingual, had many prominent Swedish-speaking Finnish Nazis such as von Bonsdorff and [[Himmler]]'s personal friend [[Thorvald Oljemark]] and was popular among the Swedish-speaking population of [[Uusimaa]].{{cite book|first1=Aapo|last1=Roselius|first2=Oula|last2=Silvennoinen|first3=Marko|last3=Tikka | title = Suomalaiset fasistit | date=2006 | publisher = [[Werner Söderström Osakeyhtiö]] | isbn=9789510417058 }}{{cite book|last=Ekberg|first=Henrik|title=Führerns trogna följeslagare. Den finländska nazismen 1932–1944.|date=1991|publisher=[[Schildts]]|isbn=951-50-0522-1|pages=92, 99–101}}Andersson, Martin: ''Hakkorset på vikingaseglet - nazismens kopplingar till Svenskfinland 1932-48'', Sipoo, 2015. {{ISBN|978-952-93547-4-0}}.

[[File:Nazi officer in Finland.jpg|thumb|Nazi Party officer holding a speech in Helsinki at the behest of the [[Finnish-German Society]]]]

Even outside of the actual National Socialist movements, there was glorification of the Nazi Germany in Finnish society. The Finnish police magazine wrote about German police sports and the "Citizens' Reporting Service" ({{Lang|de|Volksmeldedienst}}) set up by [[Reinhard Heydrich]] uncritically and emphasizing the effectiveness of the [[Gestapo]].{{cite magazine | title=Poliisiurheilusta Saksassa| magazine= Poliisimies: poliisijärjestöjen äänenkannattaja | date = December 15, 1938 | edition = 23–24 }} The [[State Police (Finland)|Finnish secret police]] operated under Ministry of the Interior, led by pro-Nazi and antisemitic [[Toivo Horelli]]. The State Police itself was led by also openly pro-Nazi and antisemitic [[Arno Anthoni]] and under him it cooperated with the SS, [[Einsatzkommando Finnland]] and [[Sicherheitsdienst]].[https://web.archive.org/web/20111117044530/https://yle.fi/uutiset/kotimaa/2008/09/vaitos_valpo_osallistui_juutalaisten_surmaamiseen_320307.html Yle: Väitös: Valpo osallistui juutalaisten surmaamiseen, viitattu 19.9.2008] and [https://web.archive.org/web/20080919083532/https://www.hs.fi/kotimaa/artikkeli/V%C3%A4it%C3%B6s+Valpo+surmasi+jatkosodassa+saksalaisten+rinnalla/1135239551676/ Helsingin Sanomat: Väitös: Valpo surmasi jatkosodassa saksalaisten rinnalla, September 18, 2008]{{cite magazine | title=Vakoojien vakooja | magazine= Poliisimies: poliisijärjestöjen äänenkannattaja | date = May 1, 1940 | edition = 9 }} The State Information Service, responsible for propaganda and censorship, also employed the aforementioned right-wing extremists and published pro-German material like ''[[Finnlands Lebensraum]]''.[http://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:331009/FULLTEXT01.pdf Göran O:son Waltå: Poet under Black Banners. The Case of Örnulf Tigerstedt and Extreme Right-Wing Swedish Literature in Finland 1918–1944]. Uppsala Universitetet 1993[http://www.helsinki.fi/jarj/polho/Poleemit2006/poleemi_sinivalkoinen.pdf Poikonen, Jaakko "Suur-Suomea perustamassa"] Poleemi 4/2006, p. 24-27 (in Finnish). Retrieved November 12, 2013.{{cite web | url = http://www.mikawaltariseura.fi/mwaltari.html | title = Mika Waltari 1908 - 1979 | author = Rajala, Panu | publisher = Mika Waltari -seura | date = October 16, 2015 | access-date = January 6, 2021 | archive-date = May 23, 2016 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160523113850/http://www.mikawaltariseura.fi/mwaltari.html | url-status = dead }}

Even outside of the actual National Socialist movements, there was glorification of the Nazi Germany in Finnish society. The Finnish police magazine wrote about German police sports and the "Citizens' Reporting Service" ({{Lang|de|Volksmeldedienst}}) set up by [[Reinhard Heydrich]] uncritically and emphasizing the effectiveness of the [[Gestapo]].{{cite magazine | title=Poliisiurheilusta Saksassa| magazine= Poliisimies: poliisijärjestöjen äänenkannattaja | date = December 15, 1938 | edition = 23–24 }} The [[State Police (Finland)|Finnish secret police]] operated under Ministry of the Interior, led by pro-Nazi and antisemitic [[Toivo Horelli]]. The State Police itself was led by also openly pro-Nazi and antisemitic [[Arno Anthoni]] and under him it cooperated with the SS, [[Einsatzkommando Finnland]] and [[Sicherheitsdienst]].[https://web.archive.org/web/20111117044530/https://yle.fi/uutiset/kotimaa/2008/09/vaitos_valpo_osallistui_juutalaisten_surmaamiseen_320307.html Yle: Väitös: Valpo osallistui juutalaisten surmaamiseen, viitattu 19.9.2008] and [https://web.archive.org/web/20080919083532/https://www.hs.fi/kotimaa/artikkeli/V%C3%A4it%C3%B6s+Valpo+surmasi+jatkosodassa+saksalaisten+rinnalla/1135239551676/ Helsingin Sanomat: Väitös: Valpo surmasi jatkosodassa saksalaisten rinnalla, September 18, 2008]{{cite magazine | title=Vakoojien vakooja | magazine= Poliisimies: poliisijärjestöjen äänenkannattaja | date = May 1, 1940 | edition = 9 }} The State Information Service, responsible for propaganda and censorship, also employed the aforementioned right-wing extremists and published pro-German material like ''[[Finnlands Lebensraum]]''.[http://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:331009/FULLTEXT01.pdf Göran O:son Waltå: Poet under Black Banners. The Case of Örnulf Tigerstedt and Extreme Right-Wing Swedish Literature in Finland 1918–1944]. Uppsala Universitetet 1993[http://www.helsinki.fi/jarj/polho/Poleemit2006/poleemi_sinivalkoinen.pdf Poikonen, Jaakko "Suur-Suomea perustamassa"] Poleemi 4/2006, p. 24-27 (in Finnish). Retrieved November 12, 2013.{{cite web | url = http://www.mikawaltariseura.fi/mwaltari.html | title = Mika Waltari 1908 - 1979 | author = Rajala, Panu | publisher = Mika Waltari -seura | date = October 16, 2015 | access-date = January 6, 2021 | archive-date = May 23, 2016 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160523113850/http://www.mikawaltariseura.fi/mwaltari.html | url-status = dead }}