Emergency sanitation

Apr 26, 2026 - 20:51
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Emergency sanitation

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=== Manhole toilet ===
=== Manhole toilet ===
{{Copy edit|date=April 2026|section}}[[File:Temporary_Manhole_toilet_for_Disaster.jpg|thumb|Historical Museum of Waterworks and Sewerage. Chikusa-ku, Nagoya city, Aichi Prefecture, Japan.]]
[[File:Temporary_Manhole_toilet_for_Disaster.jpg|thumb|Historical Museum of Waterworks and Sewerage. Chikusa-ku, Nagoya city, Aichi Prefecture, Japan.]]


Manhole toilet is simple toilet setup on [[sewer manhole]] used for disaster time.
A manhole toilet is a simple toilet setup over [[sewer manhole|manholes]].


Bathrooms are one of the biggest issues of evacuation facilities after a disaster like a big earthquake. The water supply comes relatively quick but bathroom issue will be handled not so well. There are many municipal governments encourage Twin Bucket Toilet for residential house and evacuation sites. We need pretty big facilities for long-term evacuation. It is also called "disaster toilet", "toilet for disaster" and "disaster preventative toilet".
After disasters, one of the most difficult issues to attend to is restrooms. The water supply for these generally comes fairly quickly, but actually maintaining and establishing bathrooms takes more and longer efforts. Many municipal governments encourage twin bucket toilets for residential houses and evacuation sites. These are also called "disaster toilet", "toilet for disaster" and "disaster preventative toilet".


Japanese Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism started using manhole toilets by putting a simple toilet over a public sewage manhole. There were many problems because manholes are located on public roads.
The Japanese Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism started using manhole toilets by putting a simple toilet over a public sewage manhole. This has caused issues due to manholes often being located on or near public roads.


There are several types of manhole toilets that are directly connected to the sewerage system, and it is necessary to consider their adoption depending on the environment. The main types are 1. Flow type (sewer main connection), 2. Storage type (sewer main connection) and 3. Toilet tank type.
There are several types of manhole toilets that are directly connected to the sewerage system. The main types are flow (sewer main connection), storage (sewer main connection) and toilet tank.[https://www.nippon.com/en/news/yjj2020102600151/ Japan Trying to Spread Use of "Manhole Toilets" in Disasters] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220630091624/https://www.nippon.com/en/news/yjj2020102600151/ |date=2022-06-30 }}, nippon.com (2020).

Japan Trying to Spread Use of "Manhole Toilets" in Disasters.[https://www.nippon.com/en/news/yjj2020102600151/ Japan Trying to Spread Use of "Manhole Toilets" in Disasters] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220630091624/https://www.nippon.com/en/news/yjj2020102600151/ |date=2022-06-30 }}, nippon.com (2020).


== Locations ==
== Locations ==
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