Economy of Sri Lanka
most recent data point is suitable enough
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| ⚫ | | population = {{IncreaseNeutral}} 21,756,000 (2025) {{cite web |
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| population = *21,781,800 ([[List of countries and dependencies by population|60th]]) (2024 Census){{cite web |title=Basic Population Information by Districts and Divisional Secretary Divisions |url=https://www.statistics.gov.lk/Resource/en/Population/CPH_2024/Population_Preliminary_Report.pdf |website=Department of Census and Statistics |access-date=1 November 2025}} |
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|url=https://www.statistics.gov.lk/NationalAccounts/StaticalInformation/Reports/2025_Annual_Provisional |
|url=https://www.statistics.gov.lk/NationalAccounts/StaticalInformation/Reports/2025_Annual_Provisional |
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|title=National Accounts Estimates of the Year 2025 |
|title=National Accounts Estimates of the Year 2025 |
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| ⚫ | | poverty = 12% lived on less than $4.20/day (2019){{Cite web |title=Poverty & Equity Brief (Sri Lanka) |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.LMIC?locations=LK |
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| poverty = |
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| ⚫ | 12% lived on less than $4.20/day (2019){{Cite web |title=Poverty & Equity Brief (Sri Lanka) |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.LMIC?locations=LK |
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|website=World Bank |access-date=29 July 2025}} |
|website=World Bank |access-date=29 July 2025}} |
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53% lived on less than $8.30/day (2019){{Cite web |title=Poverty & Equity Brief (Sri Lanka) |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.UMIC?locations=LK |
53% lived on less than $8.30/day (2019){{Cite web |title=Poverty & Equity Brief (Sri Lanka) |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.UMIC?locations=LK |
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=== Transportation and roads === |
=== Transportation and roads === |
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{{Main|Transport in Sri Lanka}} |
{{Main|Transport in Sri Lanka}} |
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[[File:Elevated section of the CKE.jpg|thumb|280x280px| |
[[File:Elevated section of the CKE.jpg|thumb|280x280px| |
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[[E03 expressway (Sri Lanka)|E03 expressway]] |
[[E03 expressway (Sri Lanka)|E03 expressway]] |
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=== Energy === |
=== Energy === |
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{{main|Energy in Sri Lanka}} |
{{main|Energy in Sri Lanka}} |
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[[File:HambantotaWindFarm01.JPG|thumb|A wind farm in Sri Lanka]] |
[[File:HambantotaWindFarm01.JPG|thumb|A wind farm in Sri Lanka]] |
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The energy policy is governed by the [[Ministry of Power and Renewable Energy (Sri Lanka)|Ministry of Power and Energy]], while the production and retailing of electricity is carried out by the [[Ceylon Electricity Board]]. Policy recommendations and planning come under the oversight of the [[Public Utilities Commission of Sri Lanka]]. Energy in Sri Lanka is mostly generated by [[Hydroelectricity|hydroelectric power stations]] in the [[Central Province (Sri Lanka)|Central Province]].{{cite web|url=http://www.gefweb.org/COUNCIL/council7/wp/srilanka.htm|title=Sri Lanka: Renewable Energy and Capacity Building |publisher=Global Environment Facility|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080510152631/http://www.gefweb.org/COUNCIL/council7/wp/srilanka.htm|archive-date=10 May 2008|df=dmy-all}}{{cite book|url=http://www.adb.org/documents/evaluation-paper-power-sector-sri-lanka|title=Power Sector Assistance Evaluation|date=August 2007|publisher=Asian Development Bank}} |
The energy policy is governed by the [[Ministry of Power and Renewable Energy (Sri Lanka)|Ministry of Power and Energy]], while the production and retailing of electricity is carried out by the [[Ceylon Electricity Board]]. Policy recommendations and planning come under the oversight of the [[Public Utilities Commission of Sri Lanka]]. Energy in Sri Lanka is mostly generated by [[Hydroelectricity|hydroelectric power stations]] in the [[Central Province (Sri Lanka)|Central Province]].{{cite web|url=http://www.gefweb.org/COUNCIL/council7/wp/srilanka.htm|title=Sri Lanka: Renewable Energy and Capacity Building |publisher=Global Environment Facility|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080510152631/http://www.gefweb.org/COUNCIL/council7/wp/srilanka.htm|archive-date=10 May 2008|df=dmy-all}}{{cite book|url=http://www.adb.org/documents/evaluation-paper-power-sector-sri-lanka|title=Power Sector Assistance Evaluation|date=August 2007|publisher=Asian Development Bank}} |
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[[File:Unawatuna.jpg|thumb|right|225px|[[Unawatuna]] Beach]] |
[[File:Unawatuna.jpg|thumb|right|225px|[[Unawatuna]] Beach]] |
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{{main|Tourism in Sri Lanka}} |
{{main|Tourism in Sri Lanka}} |
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[[Tourism]] is one of the main industries in [[Sri Lanka]]. Major tourist attractions are focused around the island's famous beaches located in the [[Southern Province, Sri Lanka|southern]] and the [[Eastern Province, Sri Lanka|eastern]] parts of the country and ancient heritage sites located in the interior of the country and resorts located in the mountainous regions of the country.[http://www.iht.com/articles/2005/07/06/bloomberg/sxlanka.php Sri Lanka tourism revives slowly], ''International Herald Tribune''{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/cricket/sri_v_eng_2003/travel_guide/default.stm|title=Sri Lanka tour guide|publisher=BBC Sport |access-date=3 June 2008 | date=21 November 2003}} Also, due to [[precious stone]]s such as [[rubies]] and [[sapphire]]s being frequently found and mined in [[Ratnapura]] and its surrounding areas, they are a major tourist attraction.{{cite news|url =http://science.nationalgeographic.com/science/enlarge/gem-mining.html|archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20071213023053/http://science.nationalgeographic.com/science/enlarge/gem-mining.html|url-status =dead|archive-date =13 December 2007| title =Gem Mining|publisher = National Geographic Society|date = 16 January 2008}} |
[[Tourism]] is one of the main industries in [[Sri Lanka]]. Major tourist attractions are focused around the island's famous beaches located in the [[Southern Province, Sri Lanka|southern]] and the [[Eastern Province, Sri Lanka|eastern]] parts of the country and ancient heritage sites located in the interior of the country and resorts located in the mountainous regions of the country.[http://www.iht.com/articles/2005/07/06/bloomberg/sxlanka.php Sri Lanka tourism revives slowly], ''International Herald Tribune''{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/cricket/sri_v_eng_2003/travel_guide/default.stm|title=Sri Lanka tour guide|publisher=BBC Sport |access-date=3 June 2008 | date=21 November 2003}} Also, due to [[precious stone]]s such as [[rubies]] and [[sapphire]]s being frequently found and mined in [[Ratnapura]] and its surrounding areas, they are a major tourist attraction.{{cite news|url =http://science.nationalgeographic.com/science/enlarge/gem-mining.html|archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20071213023053/http://science.nationalgeographic.com/science/enlarge/gem-mining.html|url-status =dead|archive-date =13 December 2007| title =Gem Mining|publisher = National Geographic Society|date = 16 January 2008}} |
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=== Apparel and textile industry === |
=== Apparel and textile industry === |
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{{main|Apparel industry of Sri Lanka}} |
{{main|Apparel industry of Sri Lanka}} |
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The apparel industry of Sri Lanka mainly exports to the [[United States]] and [[Europe]].{{Cite journal|last=Ekanayake|first=Nishani|date=2016|title=Determinants of External Demand for Textiles and Garments of Sri Lanka|journal=Staff Studies|volume=43|issue=1–2|pages=85–104|doi=10.4038/ss.v43i1-2.4691|doi-access=free}} There are about 900 factories throughout country serving companies such as [[Victoria's Secret]], [[Liz Claiborne]] and [[Tommy Hilfiger]].{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/1916847.stm|title=Sri Lanka seeks US free trade|work=BBC News|date=8 April 2002 | access-date=3 January 2010}} Textiles & Apparels, as categorized and reported by the Sri Lanka Export Development Board, made up to around 44% of Sri Lankan merchandise exports, in the year 2017.{{Cite web|url=https://www.i-advertise.net/blog/what-products-is-sri-lanka-famous-for/|title=What products is Sri Lanka famous for?|date=18 December 2018|website=i-Advertise.net|language=en-GB|access-date=2018-12-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226133649/https://www.i-advertise.net/blog/what-products-is-sri-lanka-famous-for/|archive-date=26 December 2018|url-status=dead}} |
The apparel industry of Sri Lanka mainly exports to the [[United States]] and [[Europe]].{{Cite journal|last=Ekanayake|first=Nishani|date=2016|title=Determinants of External Demand for Textiles and Garments of Sri Lanka|journal=Staff Studies|volume=43|issue=1–2|pages=85–104|doi=10.4038/ss.v43i1-2.4691|doi-access=free}} There are about 900 factories throughout country serving companies such as [[Victoria's Secret]], [[Liz Claiborne]] and [[Tommy Hilfiger]].{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/1916847.stm|title=Sri Lanka seeks US free trade|work=BBC News|date=8 April 2002 | access-date=3 January 2010}} Textiles & Apparels, as categorized and reported by the Sri Lanka Export Development Board, made up to around 44% of Sri Lankan merchandise exports, in the year 2017.{{Cite web|url=https://www.i-advertise.net/blog/what-products-is-sri-lanka-famous-for/|title=What products is Sri Lanka famous for?|date=18 December 2018|website=i-Advertise.net|language=en-GB|access-date=2018-12-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226133649/https://www.i-advertise.net/blog/what-products-is-sri-lanka-famous-for/|archive-date=26 December 2018|url-status=dead}} |
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=== Agriculture === |
=== Agriculture === |
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{{Main|Agriculture in Sri Lanka|Livestock in Sri Lanka}} |
{{Main|Agriculture in Sri Lanka|Livestock in Sri Lanka}} |
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The [[agricultural sector]] of the country produces mainly rice, coconut and grain, largely for domestic consumption and occasionally for export. The tea industry which has existed since 1867 is not usually regarded as part of the agricultural sector, which is mainly focused on export rather than domestic use in the country.{{cite web|url=https://www.country-studies.com/sri-lanka/agriculture.html|title=Sri Lanka – Agriculture|publisher=CountryStudies.com}} |
The [[agricultural sector]] of the country produces mainly rice, coconut and grain, largely for domestic consumption and occasionally for export. The tea industry which has existed since 1867 is not usually regarded as part of the agricultural sector, which is mainly focused on export rather than domestic use in the country.{{cite web|url=https://www.country-studies.com/sri-lanka/agriculture.html|title=Sri Lanka – Agriculture|publisher=CountryStudies.com}} |
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=== Mining === |
=== Mining === |
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{{Main|Gems of Sri Lanka}} |
{{Main|Gems of Sri Lanka}} |
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Sri Lanka is known for producing a variety of gemstones, including [[chrysoberyl]], [[corundum]], [[garnet]], [[ruby]], [[spinel]], and [[tourmaline]], and is the leading producer of the [[Sapphire|Ceylon Blue sapphire]]. Ceylon sapphires are among the most desirable in the gemstone market and can regularly fetch thousands per carat. Contrary to popular belief Ceylon produces sapphires of all colours,{{Cite web |title=Sapphires and its Variety of Colours {{!}} Ceylons Munich |url=https://www.ceylons.de/sapphires-in-all-colours-of-a-rainbow |access-date=2024-01-01 |website=www.ceylons.de |language=en}} including padparascha types, though blue is the most desirable and yields the highest prices. Some of the world's largest sapphires, such as the [[Logan Sapphire]] and Blue Belle of Asia, have come from Sri Lanka. |
Sri Lanka is known for producing a variety of gemstones, including [[chrysoberyl]], [[corundum]], [[garnet]], [[ruby]], [[spinel]], and [[tourmaline]], and is the leading producer of the [[Sapphire|Ceylon Blue sapphire]]. Ceylon sapphires are among the most desirable in the gemstone market and can regularly fetch thousands per carat. Contrary to popular belief Ceylon produces sapphires of all colours,{{Cite web |title=Sapphires and its Variety of Colours {{!}} Ceylons Munich |url=https://www.ceylons.de/sapphires-in-all-colours-of-a-rainbow |access-date=2024-01-01 |website=www.ceylons.de |language=en}} including padparascha types, though blue is the most desirable and yields the highest prices. Some of the world's largest sapphires, such as the [[Logan Sapphire]] and Blue Belle of Asia, have come from Sri Lanka. |
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