Donotknow

==== Predecessors ====

==== Predecessors ====

One of the oldest attestations of the tale type in Russia is the tale "Сказка о тридесяти трёх летнем сидне Иване-крестьянском сыне" ("Fairy Tale about 33-years-old Ivan, the Peasant's Son"), dated to 1788.'Старая погудка на новый лад: Русская сказка в изданиях конца XVIII века". Б-ка Рос. акад. наук. СПб.: Тропа Троянова, 2003. p. 362. Полное собрание русских сказок; Тom 8. In this tale, the titular Ivan, the Peasant's Son, is the son of a peasant couple, but suffers from not moving his legs for years, until he is 33 years old. At this age, an old beggar man pays a visit to Ivan's parents' house and somehow cures Ivan. His parents celebrate, but Ivan wants to travel the world. In his wanderings, he goes to another kingdom, where, at the request of the king, stops "a great noise". In return, Ivan summons a retinue of workers and they excavate a spot on the ground: they find a large vault with a large iron door with a copper ring. Inside, Ivan finds a horse and armor. The horse can talk and tells Ivan it was hidden in the vault by hero Lukoper, but it has been waiting for Ivan as its new rider. Ivan takes the horse with him and rides to "Китайское" ([[Russian language]]: "China"), where he places a cap on his head and only answers "Не знаю" ("I don't know"). He finds work as the Chinese emperor's gardener, and draws the attention - and love - of the youngest princess. Some time later, the emperor asks his three daughters to be married: the elder two, Dauzo and Siaoyu, choose noble princes, while the youngest, Lotaoyu (Loatoa, in another spelling), wants to marry the gardener. Despite the emperor's protests, she is adamant in her choice, and their father sends messages to their potential husbands. However, a spurred prince named Polkan decides to attack the kingdom to take princess Loatoa by force. Ivan, the Peasant's Son, summons his horse (called "[[Sivko-Burko]]" in the story), and fights the enemy army three times as a mysterious knight. After the third time, Loatoa notices the knight's injured hand and bandages it. Ivan, the Peasant's Son, returns to the gardener's hut and, exhausted due to the war, lies in bed for three days. His wife, princess Loatoa, enters his hut and recognizes the handkerchief on him.[[Anna Astakhova|Astakhova, Anna Astakhova]]. "[https://books.google.com/books?id=JaDYAAAAMAAJ&q=%22%D0%92+%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%B9+%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B5+%D0%B1%D1%8B%D0%BB+%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D0%BD%D0%B5+%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BC%D0%B0+%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%B9%22 Былины в записях и пересказах XVII-XVIII веков]". Izd-vo Akademii nauk SSSR, 1960. pp. 238ff.

One of the oldest attestations of the tale type in Russia is the tale "Сказка о тридесяти трёх летнем сидне Иване-крестьянском сыне" ("Fairy Tale about 33-years-old Ivan, the Peasant's Son"), dated to 1788.'Старая погудка на новый лад: Русская сказка в изданиях конца XVIII века". Б-ка Рос. акад. наук. СПб.: Тропа Троянова, 2003. p. 362. Полное собрание русских сказок; Тom 8. In this tale, the titular Ivan, the Peasant's Son, is the son of a peasant couple, but suffers from not moving his legs for years, until he is 33 years old. At this age, an old beggar man pays a visit to Ivan's parents' house and somehow cures Ivan. His parents celebrate, but Ivan wants to travel the world. In his wanderings, he goes to another kingdom, where, at the request of the king, stops "a great noise". In return, Ivan summons a retinue of workers and they excavate a spot on the ground: they find a large vault with a large iron door with a copper ring. Inside, Ivan finds a horse and armor. The horse can talk and tells Ivan it was hidden in the vault by hero Lukoper, but it has been waiting for Ivan as its new rider. Ivan takes the horse with him and rides to "Китайское" (Russian language: "China"), where he places a cap on his head and only answers "Не знаю" ("I don't know"). He finds work as the Chinese emperor's gardener, and draws the attention - and love - of the youngest princess. Some time later, the emperor asks his three daughters to be married: the elder two, Dauzo and Siaoyu, choose noble princes, while the youngest, Lotaoyu (Loatoa, in another spelling), wants to marry the gardener. Despite the emperor's protests, she is adamant in her choice, and their father sends messages to their potential husbands. However, a spurred prince named Polkan decides to attack the kingdom to take princess Loatoa by force. Ivan, the Peasant's Son, summons his horse (called "[[Sivko-Burko]]" in the story), and fights the enemy army three times as a mysterious knight. After the third time, Loatoa notices the knight's injured hand and bandages it. Ivan, the Peasant's Son, returns to the gardener's hut and, exhausted due to the war, lies in bed for three days. His wife, princess Loatoa, enters his hut and recognizes the handkerchief on him.[[Anna Astakhova|Astakhova, Anna Astakhova]]. "[https://books.google.com/books?id=JaDYAAAAMAAJ&q=%22%D0%92+%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%B9+%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B5+%D0%B1%D1%8B%D0%BB+%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D0%BD%D0%B5+%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BC%D0%B0+%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%B9%22 Былины в записях и пересказах XVII-XVIII веков]". Izd-vo Akademii nauk SSSR, 1960. pp. 238ff.

As part of his work ''A Russian garland of Fairy Tales'', medievalist [[Robert Steele (medievalist)|Robert Steele]] translated the tale as ''Story of Ivan, the Peasant's Son'', wherein the Chinese emperor is named Chinese Tsar, and the princesses Duasa, Skao and Lotao.Steele, Robert. ''[https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/A_Russian_Garland_of_Fairy_Tales/Chapter_4 The Russian garland: being Russian folk tales]''. London: A.M. Philpot. [1916?] pp. 39-49. In the preface to his book, Steele stated that the work contained translations of Russian "peasant Chap-books" from the first half of the 19th century.Steele, Robert. ''[https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/A_Russian_Garland_of_Fairy_Tales/Foreword The Russian garland: being Russian folk tales]''. London: A.M. Philpot. [1916?] p. vii. Sinologist {{ill|Boris L. Riftin|ru|Рифтин, Борис Львович}} suggested that the names of the princesses and the setting of this tale (China) may indicate that the story was adapted from an Eastern source, either from Central Asia or the Middle East."Дунганские народные сказки и предания" [Dungan Folktales and Legends]. Составители [Compilers]: Махмуд Хасанов, Ильяс Юсупов. Moskva: Главная редакция восточной литературы издательства «Наука», 1977. p. 443.

As part of his work ''A Russian garland of Fairy Tales'', medievalist [[Robert Steele (medievalist)|Robert Steele]] translated the tale as ''Story of Ivan, the Peasant's Son'', wherein the Chinese emperor is named Chinese Tsar, and the princesses Duasa, Skao and Lotao.Steele, Robert. ''[https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/A_Russian_Garland_of_Fairy_Tales/Chapter_4 The Russian garland: being Russian folk tales]''. London: A.M. Philpot. [1916?] pp. 39-49. In the preface to his book, Steele stated that the work contained translations of Russian "peasant Chap-books" from the first half of the 19th century.Steele, Robert. ''[https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/A_Russian_Garland_of_Fairy_Tales/Foreword The Russian garland: being Russian folk tales]''. London: A.M. Philpot. [1916?] p. vii. Sinologist {{ill|Boris L. Riftin|ru|Рифтин, Борис Львович}} suggested that the names of the princesses and the setting of this tale (China) may indicate that the story was adapted from an Eastern source, either from Central Asia or the Middle East."Дунганские народные сказки и предания" [Dungan Folktales and Legends]. Составители [Compilers]: Махмуд Хасанов, Ильяс Юсупов. Moskva: Главная редакция восточной литературы издательства «Наука», 1977. p. 443.

===== Albania =====

===== Albania =====

[[Slavic studies|Slavicist]] {{ill|André Mazon|fr|André Mazon}}, in his study on [[Balkan peninsula|Balkan]] folklore, collected an [[Albanian language]] tale he translated as ''Le Poulain-Magique'' ("The Magic Colt"), from a teller named Poliksena Kuneškova. In this tale, a king and a queen have a son. Soon after, the queen dies and the king remarries, but his new wife hates her step-son and plans to kill him: first, by mixing poison in his food; next, putting poison on the stairs. The prince is warned of the attempts on his life by his friend, the colt. Later, the stepmother feigns illness and asks for the heart of a magic colt as a cure. The horse tells the prince of his stepmother's plan: she will have the horse killed first, then the boy himself, but they can escape; the boy is to ask his father for a silver armour, a sack of money, and for one last ride on the animal before it is executed. Their plan works without a hitch, and the prince flees on the horse away from his kingdom. They reach the outskirts of a city; the horse says it will keep the money they brought with them, and advises the prince to find a job, and gives him three hairs which can summon it. The prince enters the city, buys from a shepherd his clothes, and begins to wander the city shouting "bylmem!" ("Je ne sais", in Mazon's translation. English: "I don't know"). Some time later, the local king sets a suitor selection test for his three daughters: every available suitor shall pass by the palace door, and the princesses are to throw a golden apple to her husbands of choice. The two elder princesses throws theirs, but the youngest withholds hers until the shepherd passes by the castle and she throws him her golden apple. The king refuses to accept a lowly man as his son-in-law, but the princess insists on her choice, so the king marries them off and places them in a room at the back of the castle. Later, war breaks out with a neighbouring king, and the shepherd rides into battle on his horse and defeats the enemy army, taking the banners of war as proof of victory. The princess's father rejoices in their victory, but notices that the banners from the enemy army are missing. The youngest princess, following her husband's request, goes to her mother and pretends that her husband is gravelly ill, and begs her mother to accompany her to their room: the queen sees the shepherd in silver armour - the same armour the knight wore at the battlefield. The king recognizes the worth of his son-in-law and nominates him as his successor.Mazon, André. ''[https://archive.org/details/0009-andre-mazon/page/344/mode/1up Documents, Contes et Chansons Slaves de l'Albanie du Sud]''. Bibliothéque d'Études Balkaniques – V. Paris: Librarie Droz. 1936. pp. 344-351.

[[Slavic studies|Slavicist]] {{ill|André Mazon|fr|André Mazon}}, in his study on [[Balkan peninsula|Balkan]] folklore, collected an Albanian language tale he translated as ''Le Poulain-Magique'' ("The Magic Colt"), from a teller named Poliksena Kuneškova. In this tale, a king and a queen have a son. Soon after, the queen dies and the king remarries, but his new wife hates her step-son and plans to kill him: first, by mixing poison in his food; next, putting poison on the stairs. The prince is warned of the attempts on his life by his friend, the colt. Later, the stepmother feigns illness and asks for the heart of a magic colt as a cure. The horse tells the prince of his stepmother's plan: she will have the horse killed first, then the boy himself, but they can escape; the boy is to ask his father for a silver armour, a sack of money, and for one last ride on the animal before it is executed. Their plan works without a hitch, and the prince flees on the horse away from his kingdom. They reach the outskirts of a city; the horse says it will keep the money they brought with them, and advises the prince to find a job, and gives him three hairs which can summon it. The prince enters the city, buys from a shepherd his clothes, and begins to wander the city shouting "bylmem!" ("Je ne sais", in Mazon's translation. English: "I don't know"). Some time later, the local king sets a suitor selection test for his three daughters: every available suitor shall pass by the palace door, and the princesses are to throw a golden apple to her husbands of choice. The two elder princesses throws theirs, but the youngest withholds hers until the shepherd passes by the castle and she throws him her golden apple. The king refuses to accept a lowly man as his son-in-law, but the princess insists on her choice, so the king marries them off and places them in a room at the back of the castle. Later, war breaks out with a neighbouring king, and the shepherd rides into battle on his horse and defeats the enemy army, taking the banners of war as proof of victory. The princess's father rejoices in their victory, but notices that the banners from the enemy army are missing. The youngest princess, following her husband's request, goes to her mother and pretends that her husband is gravelly ill, and begs her mother to accompany her to their room: the queen sees the shepherd in silver armour - the same armour the knight wore at the battlefield. The king recognizes the worth of his son-in-law and nominates him as his successor.Mazon, André. ''[https://archive.org/details/0009-andre-mazon/page/344/mode/1up Documents, Contes et Chansons Slaves de l'Albanie du Sud]''. Bibliothéque d'Études Balkaniques – V. Paris: Librarie Droz. 1936. pp. 344-351.

=== Asia ===

=== Asia ===