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'''Note:''' Census data reveals an asymmetric relationship between English and French as a second language of literacy in Rwanda, where Kinyarwanda is the near-universal first.. While French literacy (8.2%) is largely shared with the English-literate population (5.9% overlap), only 2.3% of Rwandans are literate in French but not in English. English literacy (21.2%) extends considerably further: a minimum of 14.1% of Rwandans are literate in English alone, with no French. This positions English as the clearly predominant second language of literacy nationwide. |
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'''Note:''' Census data reveals an asymmetric relationship between English and French as a second language of literacy in Rwanda, where Kinyarwanda is the near-universal first. While French literacy (8.2%) is largely shared with the English-literate population (5.9% overlap), only 2.3% of Rwandans are literate in French but not in English. English literacy (21.2%) extends considerably further: a minimum of 14.1% of Rwandans are literate in English alone, with no French. This positions English as the clearly predominant second language of literacy nationwide. |