Commodification

Apr 23, 2026 - 13:36
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Commodification

Animal commodification: rm original research: sources cited do not discuss commodification

← Previous revision Revision as of 08:05, 23 April 2026
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== Commodification of life ==
== Commodification of life ==

=== Animal commodification ===
{{Main|Commodification of animals}}
{{see also|Animal-industrial complex}}
The commodification of animals is one of the earliest forms of commodification, which can be traced back to the time when [[domestication]] of animals began. It includes [[Human uses of animals|the use of animals]] in all forms,{{cite book |last=Best |first=Steven |url=https://rowman.com/ISBN/9780739136973/The-Global-Industrial-Complex-Systems-of-Domination |title=The Global Industrial Complex: Systems of Domination |date=2011 |publisher=[[Rowman & Littlefield]] |isbn=978-0-7391-3698-0 |editor1=Steven Best |editor1-link=Steven Best |pages=ix–xxv |chapter=Introduction: Pathologies of Power and the Rise of the Global Industrial Complex |editor2=Richard Kahn |editor3=Anthony J. Nocella II |editor4=Peter McLaren |editor4-link=Peter McLaren |author-link=Steven Best}}{{Rp|xvi–xvii}} including use of animals for [[Factory farm|food]], [[Human uses of animals#In medicine|medicine]], [[Cosmetics#Animal testing|fashion and cosmetics]], [[Animal testing|medical research]], [[Working animals|labor and transport]], [[Animals in sport|entertainment]], [[wildlife trade]], [[Pet industry|companionship]], and so forth.{{cite journal |last=Beirne |first=Piers |date=May 2021 |title=Wildlife Trade and COVID-19: Towards a Criminology of Anthropogenic Pathogen Spillover |url=https://academic.oup.com/bjc/article/61/3/607/6031472?login=true |journal=The British Journal of Criminology |publisher=Oxford University Press |volume=61 |issue=3 |pages=607–626 |doi=10.1093/bjc/azaa084 |issn=1464-3529 |pmc=7953978 |access-date=19 September 2021}}{{cite journal |last=Arcari |first=Paula |date=May 2020 |title=Disconnection & Demonisation: COVID-19 Shows Why We Need to Stop Commodifying All Animals |url=https://ssrn.com/abstract=3599772 |journal=Social Sciences & Humanities Open |doi=10.2139/ssrn.3599772 |s2cid=225822910 |access-date=19 September 2021}} some Scholars say that the commodification of nonhuman animals in food systems is directly linked to capitalist systems that prioritize "monopolistically inclined financial interests" over the well-being of humans, nonhumans, and the environment.{{cite book |last=Repka |first=Meneka |url=https://www.peterlang.com/view/9781433157899/chapter06.xhtml |title=Education for Total Liberation: Critical Animal Pedagogy and Teaching Against Speciesism |date=2019 |publisher=Peter Lang |isbn=978-1-4331-5789-9 |editor1-last=Nocella Ii |editor1-first=Anthony J |edition=1 |series=Radical Animal Studies and Total Liberation |location=New York |doi=10.3726/b14204 |editor2-last=Drew |editor2-first=Carolyn |editor3-last=George |editor3-first=Amber E |editor4-last=Ketenci |editor4-first=Sinem |editor5-last=Lupinacci |editor5-first=John |editor6-last=Purdy |editor6-first=Ian |editor7-last=Leeson-Schatz |editor7-first=Joe |s2cid=240272942}} Over 200 billion land and aquatic animals are killed every year to provide humans with animal products for consumption, which many scholars and activists have described as an "[[Holocaust analogy in animal rights|animal holocaust]]".{{cite book |last=Benatar |first=David |title=Permissible Progeny?: The Morality of Procreation and Parenting |date=2015 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |isbn=978-0-19-937812-8 |editor1=S. Hannan |page=44 |chapter=The Misanthropic Argument for Anti-natalism |author-link=David Benatar |editor2=S. Brennan |editor3=R. Vernon |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=J6dBCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA44}}{{cite book |last=Best |first=Steven |title=The Politics of Total Liberation: Revolution for the 21st Century |date=2014 |publisher=[[Palgrave Macmillan]] |isbn=978-1-137-47111-6}}{{Rp|29–32, 97}}{{cite web |last=Hedges |first=Chris |date=3 August 2015 |title=A Haven From the Animal Holocaust |url=https://www.truthdig.com/articles/a-haven-from-the-animal-holocaust-2/ |access-date=29 August 2021 |website=[[Truthdig]] }}


=== Human commodification ===
=== Human commodification ===
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