Ceratodus

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}}

'''''Ceratodus''''' (from {{langx|grc|κέρας|kéras|horn}} and {{langx|grc|ὀδούς|odoús|tooth|label=none}}){{cite book |last1=Roberts |first1=George |title=An etymological and explanatory dictionary of the terms and language of geology |date=1839 |publisher=Longman, Orme, Brown, Green, & Longmans |location=London |page=28 |url=https://archive.org/details/anetymologicala00robegoog |access-date=29 December 2021 |language=English}} is an extinct genus of freshwater [[lungfish]] that was found worldwide during the [[Mesozoic|Mesozoic Era]]. It has been described as a "catch all",{{Cite journal |last1=Gottfried |first1=Michael D. |last2=Stevens |first2=Nancy J. |last3=Roberts |first3=Eric M. |last4=O'Connor |first4=Patrick M. |last5=Chami |first5=Remigius |date=January 2009 |title=A new Cretaceous lungfish (Dipnoi: Ceratodontidae) from the Rukwa Rift Basin, Tanzania |url=http://www.scielo.org.za/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&pid=S2305-79632009000100004&lng=en&nrm=iso&tlng=en |journal=African Natural History |volume=5 |pages=31–36 |issn=2305-7963}} and a "[[form genus]]"{{Cite journal |last1=Frederickson |first1=Joseph A. |last2=Cifelli |first2=Richard L. |date=January 2017 |title=New Cretaceous lungfishes (Dipnoi, Ceratodontidae) from western North America |journal=Journal of Paleontology |language=en |volume=91 |issue=1 |pages=146–161 |doi=10.1017/jpa.2016.131 |bibcode=2017JPal...91..146F |s2cid=131962612 |issn=0022-3360|doi-access=free }} used to refer to the remains, typically toothplates, of a variety of lungfish belonging to the extinct family [[Ceratodontidae]]. Fossil evidence dates back to the [[Early Triassic]].{{cite journal |last1=Romano |first1=Carlo |last2=Koot |first2=Martha B. |last3=Kogan |first3=Ilja |last4=Brayard |first4=Arnaud |last5=Minikh |first5=Alla V. |last6=Brinkmann |first6=Winand |last7=Bucher |first7=Hugo |last8=Kriwet |first8=Jürgen |title=Permian-Triassic Osteichthyes (bony fishes): diversity dynamics and body size evolution |journal=Biological Reviews |date=February 2016 |volume=91 |issue=1 |pages=106–147 |doi=10.1111/brv.12161 |pmid=25431138 |s2cid=5332637 }} A wide range of fossil species from different time periods have been found around the world in places such as the [[United States]], [[Argentina]], [[Greenland]], [[England]], [[Germany]], [[Egypt]], [[Madagascar]], [[China]], and [[Australia]].Agnolin, F. L., Mateus O., Milàn J., Marzola M., Wings O., Adolfssen J. S., & Clemmensen L. B. (2018). Ceratodus tunuensis, sp. nov., a new lungfish (Sarcopterygii, Dipnoi) from the Upper Triassic of central East Greenland. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. e1439834 ''Ceratodus'' is believed to have become extinct sometime around the beginning of the [[Eocene]] Epoch.

'''''Ceratodus''''' (from {{langx|grc|κέρας|kéras|horn}} and {{langx|grc|ὀδούς|odoús|tooth|label=none}}){{cite book |last1=Roberts |first1=George |title=An etymological and explanatory dictionary of the terms and language of geology |date=1839 |publisher=Longman, Orme, Brown, Green, & Longmans |location=London |page=28 |url=https://archive.org/details/anetymologicala00robegoog |access-date=29 December 2021 |language=English}} is an extinct genus of freshwater [[lungfish]] that was found worldwide during the [[Mesozoic|Mesozoic Era]]. It has been described as a "catch all",{{Cite journal |last1=Gottfried |first1=Michael D. |last2=Stevens |first2=Nancy J. |last3=Roberts |first3=Eric M. |last4=O'Connor |first4=Patrick M. |last5=Chami |first5=Remigius |date=January 2009 |title=A new Cretaceous lungfish (Dipnoi: Ceratodontidae) from the Rukwa Rift Basin, Tanzania |url=http://www.scielo.org.za/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&pid=S2305-79632009000100004&lng=en&nrm=iso&tlng=en |journal=African Natural History |volume=5 |pages=31–36 |issn=2305-7963}} and a "[[form genus]]"{{Cite journal |last1=Frederickson |first1=Joseph A. |last2=Cifelli |first2=Richard L. |date=January 2017 |title=New Cretaceous lungfishes (Dipnoi, Ceratodontidae) from western North America |journal=Journal of Paleontology |language=en |volume=91 |issue=1 |pages=146–161 |doi=10.1017/jpa.2016.131 |bibcode=2017JPal...91..146F |s2cid=131962612 |issn=0022-3360|doi-access=free }} used to refer to the remains, typically toothplates, of a variety of lungfish belonging to the extinct family [[Ceratodontidae]]. Fossil evidence dates back to the [[Early Triassic]].{{cite journal |last1=Romano |first1=Carlo |last2=Koot |first2=Martha B. |last3=Kogan |first3=Ilja |last4=Brayard |first4=Arnaud |last5=Minikh |first5=Alla V. |last6=Brinkmann |first6=Winand |last7=Bucher |first7=Hugo |last8=Kriwet |first8=Jürgen |title=Permian-Triassic Osteichthyes (bony fishes): diversity dynamics and body size evolution |journal=Biological Reviews |date=February 2016 |volume=91 |issue=1 |pages=106–147 |doi=10.1111/brv.12161 |pmid=25431138 |s2cid=5332637 }} A wide range of fossil species from different time periods have been found around the world in places such as the [[United States]], [[Argentina]], [[Greenland]], [[England]], [[Germany]], [[Egypt]], [[Madagascar]], [[China]], and [[Australia]].Agnolin, F. L., Mateus O., Milàn J., Marzola M., Wings O., Adolfssen J. S., & Clemmensen L. B. (2018). Ceratodus tunuensis, sp. nov., a new lungfish (Sarcopterygii, Dipnoi) from the Upper Triassic of central East Greenland. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. e1439834 ''Ceratodus'' is believed to have become extinct sometime around the beginning of the [[Eocene]] Epoch.

==Species==

==Species==

* ''C. avus'' W. H. Ferguson 1906 - Early Cretaceous ([[Aptian]]) of Victoria, Australia ([[Wonthaggi Formation]])

* ''C. avus'' W. H. Ferguson 1906 - Early Cretaceous ([[Aptian]]) of Victoria, Australia ([[Wonthaggi Formation]])

* ''C. humei'' Priem, 1914 - Late Cretaceous ([[Campanian]]) of Egypt ([[Mut Formation]]){{Cite journal |last=Churcher |first=C. S. |last2=De iuliis |first2=G. |date=2001 |title=A new species of ''Protopterus'' and a revision of ''Ceratodus humei'' (Dipnoi: Ceratodontiformes) from the Late Cretaceous Mut Formation of eastern Dakhleh Oasis, Western Desert of Egypt |url=https://www.palass.org/publications/palaeontology-journal/archive/44/2/article_pp305-323 |journal=Palaeontology |language=en |volume=44 |issue=2 |pages=305–323 |doi=10.1111/1475-4983.00181 |issn=0031-0239|url-access=subscription }}

* ''C. humei'' Priem, 1914 - Late Cretaceous ([[Campanian]]) of Egypt ([[Mut Formation]]){{Cite journal |last=Churcher |first=C. S. |last2=De iuliis |first2=G. |date=2001 |title=A new species of ''Protopterus'' and a revision of ''Ceratodus humei'' (Dipnoi: Ceratodontiformes) from the Late Cretaceous Mut Formation of eastern Dakhleh Oasis, Western Desert of Egypt |url=https://www.palass.org/publications/palaeontology-journal/archive/44/2/article_pp305-323 |journal=Palaeontology |language=en |volume=44 |issue=2 |pages=305–323 |doi=10.1111/1475-4983.00181 |issn=0031-0239|url-access=subscription }}

* ''C. elegans'' Vollrath, 1923Ceratodus elegans n. sp. aus dem [[Stubensandstein]]. P Vollrath, Jahresberichte und Mitteilungen des Oberrheinischen …, 1923{{fossilworks|id=321084|titile=|date=16 October 2024|title=†Ceratodus elegans Vollrath 1923 (lungfish)}}

* ''C. elegans'' Vollrath, 1923Ceratodus elegans n. sp. aus dem [[Stubensandstein]]. P Vollrath, Jahresberichte und Mitteilungen des Oberrheinischen …, 1923{{fossilworks|id=321084|titile=|access-date=16 October 2024|title=†Ceratodus elegans Vollrath 1923 (lungfish)}}

* ''C. frazieri'' [[John Ostrom|Ostrom]], 1970 - Early Cretaceous ([[Aptian]]/[[Albian]]) of Wyoming & Montana, US (Cloverly Formation), potentially [[Campanian]] of New Jersey, US ([[Mount Laurel Formation]])Ostrom J.H. (1970) Stratigraphy and paleontology of the Cloverly Formation (Lower Cretaceous) of the Bighorn Basin area, Montana and Wyoming: Peabody Museum of Natural History Bulletin, v. 35, 234 p.

* ''C. frazieri'' [[John Ostrom|Ostrom]], 1970 - Early Cretaceous ([[Aptian]]/[[Albian]]) of Wyoming & Montana, US (Cloverly Formation), potentially [[Campanian]] of New Jersey, US ([[Mount Laurel Formation]])Ostrom J.H. (1970) Stratigraphy and paleontology of the Cloverly Formation (Lower Cretaceous) of the Bighorn Basin area, Montana and Wyoming: Peabody Museum of Natural History Bulletin, v. 35, 234 p.

* ''C. gustasoni'' [[James Kirkland (paleontologist)|Kirkland]], 1987 - Late Cretaceous ([[Cenomanian]]) of Utah, US ([[Naturita Formation]])Kirkland J.I. (1987) Upper Jurassic and Cretaceous lungfish tooth plates from the Western Interior, the last dipnoan faunas of North America. Hunteria, v. 2, p. 1–16.

* ''C. gustasoni'' [[James Kirkland (paleontologist)|Kirkland]], 1987 - Late Cretaceous ([[Cenomanian]]) of Utah, US ([[Naturita Formation]])Kirkland J.I. (1987) Upper Jurassic and Cretaceous lungfish tooth plates from the Western Interior, the last dipnoan faunas of North America. Hunteria, v. 2, p. 1–16.

*''C. shishkini'' Minikh, 2023 - Middle/Late Triassic ([[Ladinian]]/[[Carnian]]) of [[Orenburg]], Russia{{cite journal|last=Minikh |first=A. O. |year=2022 |title=A New Species of the Genus ''Ceratodus'' (Dipnoi, Ceratodontidae) from the Triassic of the Southern Cis-Urals |journal=Paleontological Journal |volume=56 |issue=11 |pages=1385–1390 |doi=10.1134/S0031030122110090 |s2cid=256618440 }}

*''C. shishkini'' Minikh, 2023 - Middle/Late Triassic ([[Ladinian]]/[[Carnian]]) of [[Orenburg]], Russia{{cite journal|last=Minikh |first=A. O. |year=2022 |title=A New Species of the Genus ''Ceratodus'' (Dipnoi, Ceratodontidae) from the Triassic of the Southern Cis-Urals |journal=Paleontological Journal |volume=56 |issue=11 |pages=1385–1390 |doi=10.1134/S0031030122110090 |s2cid=256618440 }}

== Palaeoecology ==

==Palaeoecology==

''Ceratodus'' likely fed on [[Bivalvia|bivalves]], as [[Scar|scarring]] on the shells of non-marine bivalves from a [[clay]] pit near [[Lipie Śląskie]] in southern [[Poland]] has been attributed to an unsuccessful [[Predation|predatory]] attack by ''Ceratodus''.{{Cite journal |last1=Gorzelak |first1=Przemysław |last2=Niedźwiedzki |first2=Grzegorz |last3=Skawina |first3=Aleksandra |date=1 September 2010 |title=Pathologies of non-marine bivalve shells from the Late Triassic of Poland |url=https://www.scup.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1502-3931.2009.00188.x |journal=[[Lethaia]] |language=en |volume=43 |issue=3 |pages=285–289 |doi=10.1111/j.1502-3931.2009.00188.x |issn=0024-1164 |access-date=20 October 2025 |via=Scandinavian University Press|url-access=subscription }}

''Ceratodus'' likely fed on [[Bivalvia|bivalves]], as [[scar]]ring on the shells of non-marine bivalves from a [[clay]] pit near [[Lipie Śląskie]] in southern [[Poland]] has been attributed to an unsuccessful [[Predation|predatory]] attack by ''Ceratodus''.{{Cite journal |last1=Gorzelak |first1=Przemysław |last2=Niedźwiedzki |first2=Grzegorz |last3=Skawina |first3=Aleksandra |date=1 September 2010 |title=Pathologies of non-marine bivalve shells from the Late Triassic of Poland |url=https://www.scup.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1502-3931.2009.00188.x |journal=[[Lethaia]] |language=en |volume=43 |issue=3 |pages=285–289 |doi=10.1111/j.1502-3931.2009.00188.x |issn=0024-1164 |access-date=20 October 2025 |via=Scandinavian University Press|url-access=subscription }}

==Gallery==

==Gallery==

{{Sarcopterygian genera|R.}}

{{Sarcopterygian genera|R.}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q1027599}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q1027599}}

[[Category:Prehistoric lungfish genera]]

[[Category:Prehistoric lungfish genera]]

[[Category:Mesozoic bony fish]]

[[Category:Mesozoic bony fish]]