Battle of Ulm

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Battle of Ulm

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[[File:2ndcorps augsburg.jpg|thumb|left|The [[II Corps (Grande Armée)|II Corps]] in Augsburg.]]
[[File:2ndcorps augsburg.jpg|thumb|left|The [[II Corps (Grande Armée)|II Corps]] in Augsburg.]]


== Aftermath and historical legacy ==
== Aftermath and legacy ==
[[File:Napoléon rend hommage au courage malheureux..jpg|thumb|Napoleon saluting the wounded Austrians after their surrender.]]
[[File:Napoléon rend hommage au courage malheureux..jpg|thumb|Napoleon saluting the wounded Austrians after their surrender.]]The Austrian surrender enabled Napoleon's conquest of [[Vienna]] one month later.{{sfn|Maude|1912|loc=[https://www.archive.org/details/ulmcampaign180500mauduoft/page/252/mode/2up Chapter IX. Conclusion]|pp=252–264}}{{sfn|Horne|2012|loc=[https://www.google.com/books/edition/_/Bkgwds-5dskC?hl=en&gbpv=1&pg=PT116 8. On to Vienna and Austerlitz: 21 October–28 November (Part Two: Austerlitz)]|pp=116–128}}{{cite map |publisher=Forster Groom & Co. Ltd. |url=https://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-628730887/view |publication-place=[[Canberra]], Australia |date=1912 |map=Map of Central Europe showing the routes taken by Napoleon to defeat the allied Russo-Austrian army at the Battle of Ulm on 16–19 October 1805 and the Battle of Austerlitz in December 1805 |title=Sketch Map illustrating Napoleon's Campaign in 1805 (Ulm & Austerlitz) |cartography=Forster Groom & Co. Ltd. |author=Forster Groom & Co. Ltd. |via=[[Trove]] ([[National Library of Australia]]) |location=London|map-url=https://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-628730887/view#tab-download |access-date=6 October 2021 |scale=1:1,600,000 |series=Whitehall Campaign Series |volume=11 |type=Military map }} In his proclamation in the ''Bulletin de la Grande Armée'' of 21 October 1805 Napoleon said, "Soldiers of the {{lang|fr|Grande Armée}}, I announced you a great battle. But thanks to the bad combinations of the enemy, I obtained the same success with no risk ... In 15 days we have won a campaign."{{sfn|Chandler|2009|loc=[https://www.google.com/books/edition/_/hNYWXeVcbkMC?hl=en&gbpv=1&pg=PT402 36. The Warriors of Holy Russia (Part Seven. From the Rhine to the Danube)]|p=402}}{{sfn|Maude|1912|loc=[https://www.archive.org/details/ulmcampaign180500mauduoft/page/252/mode/2up Chapter IX. Conclusion]|pp=252–264}}
The Austrian surrender enabled Napoleon's conquest of [[Vienna]] one month later.{{sfn|Maude|1912|loc=[https://www.archive.org/details/ulmcampaign180500mauduoft/page/252/mode/2up Chapter IX. Conclusion]|pp=252–264}}{{sfn|Horne|2012|loc=[https://www.google.com/books/edition/_/Bkgwds-5dskC?hl=en&gbpv=1&pg=PT116 8. On to Vienna and Austerlitz: 21 October–28 November (Part Two: Austerlitz)]|pp=116–128}}{{cite map |publisher=Forster Groom & Co. Ltd. |url=https://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-628730887/view |publication-place=[[Canberra]], Australia |date=1912 |map=Map of Central Europe showing the routes taken by Napoleon to defeat the allied Russo-Austrian army at the Battle of Ulm on 16–19 October 1805 and the Battle of Austerlitz in December 1805 |title=Sketch Map illustrating Napoleon's Campaign in 1805 (Ulm & Austerlitz) |cartography=Forster Groom & Co. Ltd. |author=Forster Groom & Co. Ltd. |via=[[Trove]] ([[National Library of Australia]]) |location=London|map-url=https://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-628730887/view#tab-download |access-date=6 October 2021 |scale=1:1,600,000 |series=Whitehall Campaign Series |volume=11 |type=Military map }} In his proclamation in the ''Bulletin de la Grande Armée'' of 21 October 1805 Napoleon said, "Soldiers of the {{lang|fr|Grande Armée}}, I announced you a great battle. But thanks to the bad combinations of the enemy, I obtained the same success with no risk ... In 15 days we have won a campaign."{{sfn|Chandler|2009|loc=[https://www.google.com/books/edition/_/hNYWXeVcbkMC?hl=en&gbpv=1&pg=PT402 36. The Warriors of Holy Russia (Part Seven. From the Rhine to the Danube)]|p=402}}{{sfn|Maude|1912|loc=[https://www.archive.org/details/ulmcampaign180500mauduoft/page/252/mode/2up Chapter IX. Conclusion]|pp=252–264}}


A victory obtained less by battle than by strategic maneuver with numerically superior forces, the Battle of Ulm and the [[Ulm Campaign]] as a whole are, like the [[Battle of Austerlitz]], still taught in military schools worldwide.{{cite journal |title=Future Battle: The Merging Levels of War |date=1 December 1992 |first=Douglas A. |last=Macgregor |publication-place=[[Carlisle Barracks]] ([[Carlisle, Pennsylvania]])|url=https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/pdfs/ADA528099.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211006045129/https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/pdfs/ADA528099.pdf |url-status=live |archive-date=October 6, 2021 |pages=33–46 |via=[[Defense Technical Information Center|Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC)]] |department=[[United States Army War College|United States Army War College (USAWC)]] |publisher=[[United States Department of Defense]] |journal=Parameters: Journal of the US Army War College |volume=XXII |issue=4 |editor1-first=Lloyd J. |editor1-last=Matthews |editor2-first=Gregory N. |editor2-last=Todd |editor3-first=Phyllis M. |editor3-last=Stouffer |editor4-first=John E. |editor4-last=Brown |editor5-first=Michael P.W. |editor5-last=Stone |editor6-first=William A. |editor6-last=Stofft |issn=0031-1723 }}{{cite report |first=Philip S. |last=Thompson |title=U.S. Army Deception Planning at the Operation Level of War |date=9 April 1991 |access-date=6 October 2021 |editor1-first=Robert L. |editor1-last=Barefield |editor2-first=James R. |editor2-last=McDonough |editor3-first=Philip J. |editor3-last=Brookes |chapter-url=https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/pdfs/ADA240251.pdf|department=School of Advanced Military Studies |publisher=United States Army Command and General Staff College |publication-place=[[Fort Leavenworth]], [[Kansas]]|via=[[Defense Technical Information Center|Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC)]] |type=Monograph on operational deception at the Ulm Campaign of 1805 and Operation Mincemeat of 1943 |chapter=III. The Lessons of History |pages=11–23 }} The campaign would continue to influence military leaders for years, a notable example being the [[Schlieffen Plan]] that Germany employed at the start of [[World War I]].{{sfn|Brooks|2000|p=156|ps=
"''It is a historical cliché to compare the Schlieffen Plan with [[Hannibal|Hannibal's]] tactical envelopment at Cannae (216 BC); Schlieffen owed more to Napoleon's strategic maneuver on Ulm (1805)''"}} Historians see it as a model Napoleonic victory:
This campaign opened the mlost brilliant year of Napoleon's career. His army had been trained to perfection; his plans were faultless. Sweeping through Western Europe on a wide front, he concentrated the magnificent machine on Mack's line of communications in one of the finest historical examples of a turning movement. Ulm was not a battle; it was a strategic victory so complete and so overwhelming that the issue was never seriously contested in tactical combat.[[Richard Ernest Dupuy|R. Ernest Dupuy]] and [[Trevor N. Dupuy]], ''[[The Collins Encyclopedia of Military History]]'', 4th ed., [https://archive.org/details/collinsencyclope0000dupu/page/816/mode/1up p.816] ([[HarperCollins]] 2007) (retrieved 24 April 2026).
[[File:Elchingen1.jpeg|right|thumb|Site of the [[Battle of Elchingen]] on October 14, near the monastery of Elchingen]]
A victory obtained less by battle than by strategic maneuver with numerically superior forces, the Battle of Ulm and the [[Ulm Campaign]] as a whole are, like the [[Battle of Austerlitz]], still taught in military schools worldwide.{{cite journal |title=Future Battle: The Merging Levels of War |date=1 December 1992 |first=Douglas A. |last=Macgregor |publication-place=[[Carlisle Barracks]] ([[Carlisle, Pennsylvania]])|url=https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/pdfs/ADA528099.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211006045129/https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/pdfs/ADA528099.pdf |url-status=live |archive-date=October 6, 2021 |pages=33–46 |via=[[Defense Technical Information Center|Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC)]] |department=[[United States Army War College|United States Army War College (USAWC)]] |publisher=[[United States Department of Defense]] |journal=Parameters: Journal of the US Army War College |volume=XXII |issue=4 |editor1-first=Lloyd J. |editor1-last=Matthews |editor2-first=Gregory N. |editor2-last=Todd |editor3-first=Phyllis M. |editor3-last=Stouffer |editor4-first=John E. |editor4-last=Brown |editor5-first=Michael P.W. |editor5-last=Stone |editor6-first=William A. |editor6-last=Stofft |issn=0031-1723 }}{{cite report |first=Philip S. |last=Thompson |title=U.S. Army Deception Planning at the Operation Level of War |date=9 April 1991 |access-date=6 October 2021 |editor1-first=Robert L. |editor1-last=Barefield |editor2-first=James R. |editor2-last=McDonough |editor3-first=Philip J. |editor3-last=Brookes |chapter-url=https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/pdfs/ADA240251.pdf|department=School of Advanced Military Studies |publisher=United States Army Command and General Staff College |publication-place=[[Fort Leavenworth]], [[Kansas]]|via=[[Defense Technical Information Center|Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC)]] |type=Monograph on operational deception at the Ulm Campaign of 1805 and Operation Mincemeat of 1943 |chapter=III. The Lessons of History |pages=11–23 }} The campaign would continue to influence military leaders for years, a notable example being the [[Schlieffen Plan]] that Germany employed at the start of [[World War I]].{{sfn|Brooks|2000|p=156|ps=
"''It is a historical cliché to compare the Schlieffen Plan with [[Hannibal|Hannibal's]] tactical envelopment at Cannae (216 BC); Schlieffen owed more to Napoleon's strategic maneuver on Ulm (1805)''"}} Historians see it as a model Napoleonic victory:
This campaign opened the mlost brilliant year of Napoleon's career. His army had been trained to perfection; his plans were faultless. Sweeping through Western Europe on a wide front, he concentrated the magnificent machine on Mack's line of communications in one of the finest historical examples of a turning movement. Ulm was not a battle; it was a strategic victory so complete and so overwhelming that the issue was never seriously contested in tactical combat.[[Richard Ernest Dupuy|R. Ernest Dupuy]] and [[Trevor N. Dupuy]], ''The Collins Encyclopedia of Military History'', 4th ed., [https://archive.org/details/collinsencyclope0000dupu/page/816/mode/1up p.816] ([[HarperCollins]] 2007) (retrieved 24 April 2026).
[[File:Elchingen1.jpeg|right|thumb|Site of the [[Battle of Elchingen]] on October 14, near the monastery of Elchingen]]


== Notes ==
== Notes ==
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