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Australia's amphibian consists of five native [[Family (biology)|families]], one introduced family and one introduced [[Order (biology)|order]]. The sole species of true toad introduced to Australia which has [[Naturalisation (biology)|naturalised]], is the [[cane toad]] (''Rhinella marinus''), of the family [[Bufonidae]]. The cane toad was introduced to several locations throughout [[Queensland]], and has since spread west and south.[{{Cite web|url=https://www.pestsmart.org.au/pest-animal-species/cane-toad/ |title=Cane toad|website=PestSmart Connect |access-date=2019-11-26}}] The introduction of [[smooth newt]] (''Lissotriton vulgaris'') marked the arrival of the order [[Urodela]] to the continent. Despite being prohibited to import, they have been located and have spread considerably to various locations in [[Melbourne]] from 2011 to 2016. It has potential to spread throughout south-eastern Australia.[{{Cite web|url=https://invasives.org.au/publications/smooth-newt/ |title=Surveys for the smooth newt (Lissotriton vulgaris) in south-east Melbourne|website=Invasive Species Council|language=en-AU |access-date=2019-11-26}}][{{Cite web|url=http://agriculture.vic.gov.au/agriculture/pests-diseases-and-weeds/pest-animals/a-z-of-pest-animals/smooth-newt |title=Smooth newt|last=Department of Economic Development|first=Jobs|website=agriculture.vic.gov.au|language=en-AU |access-date=2019-11-26}}] |
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Australia's amphibian consists of five native [[Family (biology)|families]], one introduced family and one introduced [[Order (biology)|order]]. The sole species of true toad introduced to Australia which has [[Naturalisation (biology)|naturalised]], is the [[cane toad]] (''Rhinella marinus''), of the family [[Bufonidae]]. The cane toad was introduced to several locations throughout [[Queensland]], and has since spread west and south.[{{Cite web|url=https://www.pestsmart.org.au/pest-animal-species/cane-toad/ |title=Cane toad|website=PestSmart Connect |access-date=2019-11-26}}] The introduction of [[smooth newt]] (''Lissotriton vulgaris'') marked the arrival of the order [[Urodela]] to the continent. Despite being prohibited to import, they have been located and have spread considerably to various locations in [[Melbourne]] from 2011 to 2016. It has potential to spread throughout south-eastern Australia.[{{Cite web|url=https://invasives.org.au/publications/smooth-newt/ |title=Surveys for the smooth newt (Lissotriton vulgaris) in south-east Melbourne|website=Invasive Species Council|language=en-AU |access-date=2019-11-26}}][{{Cite web|url=http://agriculture.vic.gov.au/agriculture/pests-diseases-and-weeds/pest-animals/a-z-of-pest-animals/smooth-newt |title=Smooth newt|last=Department of Economic Development|first=Jobs|website=agriculture.vic.gov.au|language=en-AU |access-date=2019-11-26}}] |
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The [[tree frog]]s, of the family [[Pelodryadidae]], are one of the major families in Australia, with over 70 species. The tree frogs were historically split into three genera: ''[[Cyclorana]]'', ''[[Nyctimystes]]'', and the [[wastebasket taxon| wastebasket genus]] ''[[Litoria]]''. However, a 2025 [[phylogenetics|phylogenetic]] study of the family split it into 35 genera, 22 of which are found in Australia.[{{cite journal|last1 =Donnellan|first1=Stephen C.|last2 =Mahony|first2=Michael J.|last3 =Esquerré|first3=Damien|last4 =Brennan|first4=Ian G.|last5 =Price|first5=Luke C.|last6 =Lemmon|first6=Alan|last7 =Moriarty Lemmon|first7=Emily|last8 =Günther|first8=Rainer|last9 =Monis|first9=Paul|last10 =Bertozzi|first10=Terry|last11 =Keogh|first11=J. Scott|last12 =Shea|first12=Glenn M.|last13 =Richards|first13=Stephen J.|date= 2025-06-19|title =Phylogenomics informs a generic revision of the Australo-Paupuan treefrogs (Anura: Pelodryadidae)|url=https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/204/2/zlaf015/8169202|journal= Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society|volume=204|issue =2|publisher=Oxford Academic|pages =1-80|doi=10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaf015|access-date=2026-04-01}}] The tree frogs of Australia have various habits, from completely arboreal to fossorial. |
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The [[tree frog]]s, of the family [[Pelodryadidae]], are one of the major families in Australia, with almost 100 species. The tree frogs were historically split into three genera: ''[[Cyclorana]]'', ''[[Nyctimystes]]'', and the [[wastebasket taxon| wastebasket genus]] ''[[Litoria]]''. However, a 2025 [[phylogenetics|phylogenetic]] study of the family split it into 35 genera, 22 of which are found in Australia.[{{cite journal|last1 =Donnellan|first1=Stephen C.|last2 =Mahony|first2=Michael J.|last3 =Esquerré|first3=Damien|last4 =Brennan|first4=Ian G.|last5 =Price|first5=Luke C.|last6 =Lemmon|first6=Alan|last7 =Moriarty Lemmon|first7=Emily|last8 =Günther|first8=Rainer|last9 =Monis|first9=Paul|last10 =Bertozzi|first10=Terry|last11 =Keogh|first11=J. Scott|last12 =Shea|first12=Glenn M.|last13 =Richards|first13=Stephen J.|date= 2025-06-19|title =Phylogenomics informs a generic revision of the Australo-Paupuan treefrogs (Anura: Pelodryadidae)|url=https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/204/2/zlaf015/8169202|journal= Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society|volume=204|issue =2|publisher=Oxford Academic|pages =1-80|doi=10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaf015|access-date=2026-04-01}}] The tree frogs of Australia have various habits, from completely arboreal to fossorial. |
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The other major [[clade]] that is native to Australia consists of two families: [[Myobatrachidae]] and [[Limnodynastidae]]. These families of ground frogs are endemic to Australia, New Guinea and a few small islands, however the highest diversity can be found in Australia.[{{cite web|url=http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/abrs/publications/fauna-of-australia/pubs/volume2a/07-fauna-2a-amphibia-myobatrachidae.pdf |title=7. Family Myobatrachidae |author1=Littlejohn, Murray J. |author2=Roberts, J. Dale |author3=Watson, Graham F. |author4=Davies, Margaret |year=1993 |work=Fauna of Australia series, Environment Australia website |publisher=Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts, Australian Government |accessdate=19 August 2010 |location=Canberra |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110320221926/http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/abrs/publications/fauna-of-australia/pubs/volume2a/07-fauna-2a-amphibia-myobatrachidae.pdf |archivedate=20 March 2011 }}] |
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The other major [[clade]] that is native to Australia consists of two families: [[Myobatrachidae]] and [[Limnodynastidae]]. These families of ground frogs are endemic to Australia, New Guinea and a few small islands, however the highest diversity can be found in Australia.[{{cite web|url=http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/abrs/publications/fauna-of-australia/pubs/volume2a/07-fauna-2a-amphibia-myobatrachidae.pdf |title=7. Family Myobatrachidae |author1=Littlejohn, Murray J. |author2=Roberts, J. Dale |author3=Watson, Graham F. |author4=Davies, Margaret |year=1993 |work=Fauna of Australia series, Environment Australia website |publisher=Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts, Australian Government |accessdate=19 August 2010 |location=Canberra |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110320221926/http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/abrs/publications/fauna-of-australia/pubs/volume2a/07-fauna-2a-amphibia-myobatrachidae.pdf |archivedate=20 March 2011 }}] |
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[[Microhylidae]] and [[Ranidae]] make up a small amount of the Australian frog fauna, with less than 20 species in Microhylidae and one species of Ranidae. The majority of the species within these families are found throughout the world, with Australia making up a small portion of their diversity. |
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[[Microhylidae]] and [[Ranidae]] make up a small amount of the Australian frog fauna, with just 26 species in Microhylidae and one species of Ranidae. The majority of the species within these families are found throughout the world, with Australia making up a small portion of their diversity. |
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